1 13.4%) of 134 for FluA, 25 (64.1%) of 39 for PIV1, 8 (88.9%) of 9 for PIV2, 17 (30.1%) of 55 for PIV3

2 arable recombinant vaccine viruses for human PIV1 and PIV2.

3 tory tract of hamsters as efficiently as its PIV1 and PIV3 parents.

4 ndicates that comprehensive understanding of PIV1 evolution requires consideration of both anagenetic

5 ituting the full-length HN and F proteins of PIV1 for those of PIV3 in the attenuated cp45 PIV3 vacci

6 s are smaller for PIV1s from humans than for PIV1 from a chimpanzee for the pol, gag, and env glycopr

7  virus, designated rPIV3-1, that encodes the PIV1 HN and F glycoproteins in the background of the wt

8 ant wild-type (wt) PIV3 as the recipient for PIV1 HN and F, engineered so that each PIV1 open reading

9           The strategy, illustrated here for PIV1, is to create chimeric viruses in which the two pro

10 the L polymerase protein; and (iii) a murine PIV1 (MPIV1) attenuated by a mutation in the accessory C

11 t for PIV1 HN and F, engineered so that each PIV1 open reading frame is flanked by the existing PIV3

12 nuated PIV3 variant are replaced by those of PIV1 or PIV2.

13 plaque formation in tissue culture, like its PIV1 parent but unlike PIV3.

14 t but differs from that of its noncytopathic PIV1 parent.

15 umovirus (HMPV), parainfluenza virus 1 to 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), and adenovirus (AdV) infections.

16 luA), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), human metapneumovirus (MPV), and

17 ossible to rapidly develop a live attenuated PIV1 vaccine by the staged introduction of known, charac

18                                          The PIV1 vaccine candidate, designated rPIV3-1cp45, was gene

19 re used to rapidly produce a live attenuated PIV1 vaccine candidate.