ライフサイエンスコーパス: SR protein

1 ment) serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SR proteins).

2 and requires collaboration of more than one SR protein.

3 e recognition, binding, and transport of the SR protein.

4 man SRPK1 bound to a peptide derived from an SR protein.

5 of the RS domain of ASF/SF2, a prototypical SR protein.

6 ulates AS by modulating the levels of active SR proteins.

7 s cellular levels of phosphorylated forms of SR proteins.

8 phases of the processive phosphorylation of SR proteins.

9 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of SR proteins.

10 n Casq2 but no significant decrease in other SR proteins.

11 SR protein kinases for it compared to other SR proteins.

12 redict putative ESEs specific for four human SR proteins.

13 The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks SR proteins.

14 ures of SRp38 that distinguish it from other SR proteins.

15 ng distinct recycling pathways for different SR proteins.

16 ownstream exon even in the absence of active SR proteins.

17 could be rescued upon the addition of active SR proteins.

18 known functional parallels between EJCs and SR proteins.

19 NA complex with other known RNA complexes of SR proteins.

20 influences the levels and activity of other SR proteins.

21 is via SRPK2, a key regulator of RNA-binding SR proteins.

22 of a set of factors that includes eIF3f, the SR protein 9G8, and the cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK1

23 in the exonized segment and was promoted by SR proteins 9G8, Tra2beta and SC35.

24 The splicing regulatory SR protein, 9G8, has recently been proposed to function

25 he spliceosome requires the participation of SR proteins, a family of splicing factors rich in argini

26 psis genes that encode serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, a conserved family of splicing regulators

27 the biological function of serine-arginine (SR) proteins, a family of essential regulators of mRNA s

28 ontrol the activity of serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins, a family of splicing co-activators, and th

29 SR proteins accumulated in patches around active nucleol

30 e the wealth of functional information about SR proteins accumulated to-date, structural knowledge ab

31 results suggest that a critical threshold of SR proteins, achieved by juxtaposition of SR protein bin

32 Although the precedent for SR proteins acting as repressors is established, this is

33 pecific effects on regulated splicing by one SR protein actually depend on a complex set of relations

34 Thus, the phosphorylation state of the SR protein adapters may underlie the selectivity of TAP-

35 hnRNP and SR proteins also regulate the expression of other Drosop

36 vitro and ex vivo approaches have identified SR proteins and hnRNPs of the A/B and H subfamilies as c

37 Splicing activators and repressors, such as SR proteins and hnRNPs, modulate spliceosome assembly an

38 pacted by deregulation of expression of most SR proteins and hnRNPs.

39 ially overlaps with that of splicing-related SR proteins and in tex1 plants the ratio of certain alte

40 MALAT1 interacts with SR proteins and influences the distribution of these and

41 SR proteins and related factors play widespread roles in

42 porter system was promoted by at least seven SR proteins and repressed by hnRNPs F, H and I, supporti

43 of SRPK1 could affect the functions of host SR proteins and those of the virus transcription/replica

44 tive regulator of splicing (NRS), that binds SR proteins and U1/U11 snRNPs and functions as a pseudo-

45 constituted in fibroblasts by downregulating SR proteins and upregulating a RBFOX protein and that SR

46 exon junction complexes (EJC) together with SR proteins and was thus recruited to RNA polymerase II.

47 he interaction between serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and splicing components that recognize eith

48 hydroxylates multiple serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and SR related proteins, including U2AF65,

49 tion of a ternary complex containing ESE, an SR protein, and U1 snRNP.

50 the nucleus, differential phosphorylation of SR proteins, and alteration of splice site selection.

51 n of hnRNP proteins, the late recruitment of SR proteins, and binding of the U2 snRNP.

52 with the Env splicing enhancer, which binds SR proteins, and inactivation of the enhancer and SR pro

53 More detailed analysis showed that the SR proteins, and their RS domains in particular, are enr

54 sulin increased the amount of phosphorylated SR proteins, and this effect was counteracted by arachid

55 Mammalian SR proteins are a family of reversibly phosphorylated RN

56 SR proteins are a family of sequence-specific RNA bindin

57 SR proteins are essential splicing factors whose biologi

58 SR proteins are essential splicing factors whose functio

59 is pattern, exonic splicing enhancer-binding SR proteins are highly conserved across all vertebrates,

60 ; yet both hypo- and hyperphosphorylation of SR proteins are known to inhibit splicing, indicating th

61 this intron are sufficient for AS, and which SR proteins are necessary for regulated AS.

62 These results demonstrate that SR proteins are required for communication between U1 an

63 To determine which SR proteins are responsible for AS, the splicing pattern

64 We found that shuttling and nonshuttling SR proteins are segregated in an orderly fashion during

65 to form megadalton sized complexes in which SR proteins are super-stoichiometric to EJC core factors

66 SR proteins are well known to promote exon inclusion in

67 SR proteins are well-characterized RNA binding proteins

68 Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins are essential nucleus-localized splicing fa

69 Serine-arginine (SR) proteins are general metazoan splicing factors that

70 Serine-arginine (SR) proteins are general splicing factors and can functi

71 nuclear export factor 1 (NXF1) by describing SR proteins as NXF1 adaptors that flag alternatively spl

72 The prototypical SR protein ASF/SF2 (human alternative splicing factor) c

73 The arginine-serine (RS)-rich domain of the SR protein ASF/SF2 is phosphorylated by SR protein kinas

74 rminal portion of the RS domain (RS1) of the SR protein ASF/SF2, a modification that promotes nuclear

75 ng enhancer, which was predicted to bind the SR protein ASF/SF2.

76 stent with this, SELEX-binding sites for the SR proteins ASF/SF2, 9G8, and SRp20 were able to stimula

77 Here we provide evidence that a prototypical SR protein, ASF/SF2, is unexpectedly required for mainte

78 strate that a heart-specific knockout of one SR protein, ASF/SF2, produces cardiomyopathy and misregu

79 The mammalian serine-arginine (SR) protein, ASF/SF2, contains multiple contiguous RS di

80 ompensatory gain in the interaction of other SR proteins at the affected exons.

81 by the loss of the pre-mRNA splicing factor SR protein B52.

82 n a mammalian pre-mRNA, a normally essential SR protein becomes dispensable when the complementarity

83 ns of RNA-binding sites showed that NXF1 and SR proteins bind mRNA targets at adjacent sites, indicat

84 SR proteins bind to exons and recruit the spliceosome vi

85 In addition, SR proteins bind to the element, consistent with the pre

86 oteins, and inactivation of the enhancer and SR protein binding decreased polyadenylation efficiency.

87 of SR proteins, achieved by juxtaposition of SR protein binding sites within the NRS and Env enhancer

88 Mechanistically, SRPK2 promotes SR protein binding to U1-70K to induce splicing of lipog

89 , the N-terminus, which positively regulates SR protein binding, adopts a stable structure when the i

90 on in human exons and introns for four known SR protein-binding motifs: SF2/SAF, SC35, SRp40, and SRp

91 Deletions that positioned the SR protein-binding sites closer to the poly(A) site elim

92 Each SR protein binds diverse ESEs using strategies that are

93 insic phosphorylation bias is obligatory for SR protein biological function.

94 SM activates splicing in the manner of SR proteins but does not contain the canonical RS domain

95 Here, we report that CLK1 binds SR proteins but lacks the mechanism to release phosphory

96 increased the phosphorylation of endogenous SR proteins, but their phosphorylation state remained un

97 tein (snRNP), U2B, and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins], but is excluded from the coiled bodies an

98 rtant for binding and phosphorylation of the SR protein by CLK1 but not for the SRPK1-dependent react

99 Activation of the SR proteins by matrix stiffness and the subsequent produ

100 This result provides strong evidence that an SR protein can promote recruitment of splicing factors t

101 Depletion of MALAT1 or overexpression of an SR protein changes the AS of a similar set of endogenous

102 downstream 3'ss, which repositions NRS-bound SR proteins closer to the viral PAS.

103 We propose a model in which hnRNP H and SR proteins compete for binding to the NRS.

104 SR proteins constitute a family of pre-mRNA splicing fac

105 SR proteins constitute a widely conserved family of spli

106 The serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins constitute a conserved family of pre-mRNA s

107 e show that the RS domain of this additional SR protein contacts the 5' splice site specifically in t

108 ular Cell, demonstrate that the RS domain of SR proteins contacts the pre-mRNA branchpoint, indicatin

109 digestion suggests that endogenous EJCs and SR proteins cooperate to promote mRNA packaging and comp

110 ferentiation in P19 cells, illustrating that SR protein-dependent exon skipping may constitute a key

111 upon entry into daughter nuclei, snRNPs and SR proteins do not immediately colocalize in nuclear spe

112 m regulating distinct recycling pathways for SR proteins during mRNP maturation.

113 sis revealed increased expression of several SR proteins during the early response to DNA damage, whi

114 at SRPK2 binds and phosphorylates acinus, an SR protein essential for RNA splicing, and redistributes

115 Mouse orthologues of the human SR proteins exhibit the same unproductive splicing patte

116 Here we critically evaluate members of the SR protein family (SRSF1-7) for their potential to act a

117 SRp38 is a member of the SR protein family and, when dephosphorylated, functions

118 t facilitates the interaction with SRSF3, an SR protein family member that promotes pri-miRNA process

119 uring pregnancy is regulated primarily by an SR protein family member, SRp40.

120 we performed extensive sequence analysis of SR protein family members and combined it with ordered/d

121 much stronger splicing activators than other SR protein family members and their activation potential

122 expansion of putative functions of specific SR protein family members in RNA metabolism downstream o

123 ocytoplasmic shuttling among seven canonical SR protein family members.

124 Among these are the SR protein family of splicing factors and all of the com

125 they both strongly predicted members of the SR protein family to be disordered.

126 ied: p54 (also called SRp54; a member of the SR protein family), human transformer 2 beta (hTra2 beta

127 Here we show that a 35-kDa member of the SR protein family, 9G8, can activate the splicing of alp

128 Compared with other members of the SR protein family, SRSF2 structure has a longer L3 loop

129 icing factor Sfrs1, an arginine/serine-rich (SR) protein family member, during mouse retinal developm

130 ASF/SF2, a member of the serine-arginine (SR) protein family, has two RRM domains (RRM1 and RRM2)

131 , >1000 endogenous mRNAs required individual SR proteins for nuclear export in vivo.

132 ctin, a 26 kDa intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein, forms a quaternary complex with triadin, ca

133 Ps, suggesting that phosphorylation releases SR proteins from NAPs and their initial target is transc

134 ugh phosphorylation directs serine-arginine (SR) proteins from nuclear storage speckles to the nucleo

135 here is involved in the regulation of E2 and SR protein function in posttranscriptional processing of

136 lts underline the importance of ESE-mediated SR protein function in the process of exon definition, i

137 We show that SR proteins function in coupling transcription to splici

138 SR proteins function in nuclear pre-mRNA processing, mRN

139 gely unexplored, as genetic deletion of many SR protein genes results in embryonic lethality.

140 Negative autoregulation of SR proteins has been proposed to exert homeostatic contr

141 SR proteins have also been reported to cause exon skippi

142 Although shuttling SR proteins have been implicated in mRNA export, prevent

143 Three SR proteins have been previously shown to direct splicin

144 SR proteins have been studied extensively as a family of

145 We found that SR proteins have properties characteristic of intrinsica

146 Although serine-arginine rich (SR) proteins have often been implicated in the positive

147 The Mxi1-SR protein (here termed Mxi1-SRbeta) can interact with S

148 egulated by a group of serine/arginine rich (SR) proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (

149 entified a previously unknown function of an SR protein (i.e., the stimulation of IRES-mediated trans

150 nal discovery and classification, we catalog SR proteins in 20 model organisms, with a focus on green

151 asm, which is critical for nuclear import of SR proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.

152 plicing and reveal an additional function of SR proteins in eukaryotic gene expression.

153 Yeast Npl3 is homologous to SR proteins in higher eukaryotes, a family of RNA-bindin

154 lex set of relationships with multiple other SR proteins in mammalian genomes.

155 In addition, SR proteins in NAPs are hypophosphorylated, and the SR p

156 e SR protein kinase Clk/STY colocalizes with SR proteins in NAPs, suggesting that phosphorylation rel

157 inding and reduced expression of the TIA and SR proteins in phasic (gizzard) smooth muscle around hat

158 ults further suggest a more general role for SR proteins in polyadenylation of cellular mRNAs.

159 This indicates a novel role for SR proteins in promoting RSV polyadenylation in the cont

160 ow they may work to regulate the function of SR proteins in RNA metabolism in mammalian cells.

161 model genes apply generally to activities of SR proteins in the cell.

162 bstantially expands the known roles of human SR proteins in the regulation of a diverse array of RNA

163 s, therefore, highlight the broader roles of SR proteins in vertical integration of gene expression a

164 important implications on the regulation of SR proteins in vivo by the SRPK and Clk/Sty families of

165 ce to address the function and regulation of SR proteins in vivo.

166 ern blot analysis of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins in skeletal muscle showed that the absence

167 l SR protein knockout mice, we now show that SR protein-induced exon skipping depends on their preval

168 stable structure to facilitate high-affinity SR protein interactions and phosphorylation rates.

169 SR proteins involved in calcium metabolism, including th

170 SRPK1 phosphorylation, not only of cellular SR proteins involved in regulating alternative splicing

171 Surprisingly, five serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins involved in messenger RNA splicing, includi

172 Further analyses reveal that loss of one SR protein is accompanied by coordinated loss or compens

173 e and how it triggers the importation of the SR protein is lacking.

174 The FgSrp1 SR protein is likely important for pre-mRNA processing o

175 important for intron splicing and the FgSrp1 SR protein is phosphorylated at five conserved sites in

176 fic dephosphorylation of SRp38 and not other SR proteins is determined largely by the low activities

177 gly, the SRPK family of kinases specific for SR proteins is localized in the cytoplasm, which is crit

178 In this process, the RS domain of SR proteins is thought to directly interact with the RS

179 NMD of mRNAs for splicing activators such as SR proteins is triggered by splicing activation events,

180 nt reductions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins junctin and triadin-1 and increased SR volu

181 SR protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) phosphorylates approximately

182 rines are processively phosphorylated by the SR protein kinase 1 (SRPK1).

183 eins in NAPs are hypophosphorylated, and the SR protein kinase Clk/STY colocalizes with SR proteins i

184 n groups, including Kinesin heavy chain, the SR protein kinase cuaba, the cohesin-related gene dPds5/

185 The SR protein kinase in yeast, Sky1p, phosphorylates yeast

186 alternative splicing event controlled by the SR protein kinase SPK-1.

187 Putative effectors include an SR protein kinase, bilobe proteins, TbSAS4, TbRP2, and B

188 early observation that overexpression of an SR protein kinase, such as the CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1)

189 the SR protein ASF/SF2 is phosphorylated by SR protein kinases (SRPKs) and Clk/Sty kinases.

190 determined largely by the low activities of SR protein kinases for it compared to other SR proteins.

191 vely phosphorylate substrates is inherent to SR protein kinases.

192 protein homologous to serine-arginine-rich (SR) protein kinases, which are thought to regulate splic

193 embryo fibroblasts derived from conditional SR protein knockout mice, we now show that SR protein-in

194 e residues in the RS domain, indicating that SR proteins may be phosphorylated by different kinases i

195 Bound SR proteins may bridge between the NRS and the 3' LTR an

196 Our results suggest that SR proteins mediate the assembly of nuclear speckles and

197 eased or decreased frequencies of particular SR protein motifs.

198 de the first example of a feedback-regulated SR protein network with evidence of an active homeostati

199 Like mammalian SR proteins, Npl3p is serine-phosphorylated by a cytopla

200 In contrast to the cooperative binding of SR proteins observed on the doublesex splicing enhancer,

201 Serine/arginine (SR) proteins, one of the major families of alternative-s

202 ns and upregulating a RBFOX protein and that SR protein overexpression impairs regulated CaMKIIdelta

203 The data imply that an allosteric SR protein-phosphatase platform balances phosphorylation

204 hanistic insights into complex regulation of SR protein phosphorylation and alternative splicing in r

205 However, little is known how SR protein phosphorylation might be regulated during dev

206 e known to inhibit splicing, indicating that SR protein phosphorylation must be tightly regulated in

207 s to enhanced SRPK nuclear translocation and SR protein phosphorylation.

208 to change alternative splicing and decrease SR-protein phosphorylation by activating protein phospha

209 Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins play essential roles in precursor mRNA cons

210 This SR protein plays critical roles in spliceosome assembly,

211 a multi-isomeric family of spectrin-repeat (SR) proteins, predominantly known as nuclear envelope sc

212 Nutritional regulation of other SR proteins presents a regulatory mechanism that could c

213 Unexpectedly, we find that these SR proteins promote both inclusion and skipping of exons

214 SR proteins promote spliceosome formation by recognizing

215 gs, coupled with other established rules for SR proteins, provide a theoretical framework to understa

216 Functional studies of SR protein PTMs have focused exclusively on the reversib

217 ramework to understand the complex effect of SR protein-regulated splicing in mammalian cells.

218 The data establish a new view of SR protein regulation in which SRPK1 and CLK1 partition

219 ent with a model in which hypophosphorylated SR proteins remain stably associated with messenger ribo

220 that modulate the cellular levels of active SR proteins remain to be elucidated.

221 utation that creates a site through which an SR protein represses splicing.

222 We report here that the SR protein SC35 controls cell proliferation during pitui

223 hnRNPs H, F, 2H9, GRSF1, A1, A2, and A3 and SR proteins SC35, SF2, and SRp40 in HEK 293 cells transf

224 ocalizes with snRNPs, but not with a typical SR protein, SC35, during mitosis and following heat shoc

225 isparate functions, showing that a subset of SR proteins seem to bind directly to the histone 3 tail,

226 SR proteins serve multiple roles in the posttranscriptio

227 The SR protein SF2/ASF has been initially characterized as a

228 The SR protein SF2/ASF is an oncoprotein that functions in p

229 hat can act as ESEs in response to the human SR protein SF2/ASF.

230 pression of hnRNPs H, F, 2H9, A1, and A2 and SR proteins SF2 and SRp40 increased nuclear localization

231 that overexpression of hnRNPs A1 and A2 and SR proteins SF2, SC35, and SRp40 causes a dramatic decre

232 esence of ESE motifs recognized by the human SR proteins SF2/ASF, SRp40, SRp55 and SC35.

233 cted to eukaryotes and that all prototypical SR proteins share a single ancient origin, including the

234 report that SRPK1, a ubiquitously expressed SR protein-specific kinase, directly binds to the cochap

235 Activated Akt next branches to SR protein-specific kinases, rather than mTOR, by induci

236 Serine/arginine (SR) protein-specific kinase (SRPK), a family of cell cyc

237 RPK2 belongs to a family of serine/arginine (SR) protein-specific kinases (SRPKs), which phosphorylat

238 tion of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) with the SR protein splicing factor (SRSF1) to understand the fou

239 nic splicing enhancer (ESE) dependent on the SR protein splicing factor ASF/SF2 or to the creation of

240 se results not only indicate that loss of an SR protein splicing factor can induce cell cycle arrest

241 SRp38 is an SR protein splicing factor that functions as a general r

242 ASF/SF2 is an SR protein splicing factor that participates in constitu

243 gion for the proper subnuclear storage of an SR protein splicing factor.

244 We report here that two SR protein splicing factors, SRp20 and ASF/SF2, associat

245 SRp38 is an atypical SR protein splicing regulator.

246 ks) that phosphorylate serine-arginine-rich (SR) protein splicing factors.

247 SR proteins (splicing factors containing arginine-serine

248 SR proteins (splicing factors containing arginine-serine

249 at encodes the yeast orthologue of the human SR protein, SRm300/SRRM2.

250 ese sequences bind the serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins SRp20 and SF2/ASF and the CELF protein CUG-

251 work demonstrates that a nucleo-cytoplasmic SR protein, SRp20, functions in internal ribosome entry

252 The SR protein SRp38 is a general splicing repressor that is

253 , recent studies have shown that one unusual SR protein, SRp38, serves, contrastingly, as a splicing

254 xon 2 and 10 splicing: serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins SRp55, SRp30c, and htra2beta1.

255 This ESE binds specifically to the cellular SR protein SRp75.

256 cytoplasmic-nuclear translocalization of the SR protein SRSF1 is regulated by multisite phosphorylati

257 The shuttling Serine/Arginine rich (SR) protein SRSF1 (previously known as SF2/ASF) is a spl

258 e report global analyses of two prototypical SR proteins, SRSF1 (SF2/ASF) and SRSF2 (SC35), using spl

259 rds this end, we sought to determine how two SR proteins-SRSF3 and SRSF7, regulators of pre-mRNA spli

260 Overexpression of various SR proteins strongly enhanced NMD, and this effect requi

261 isordered structure for several functions of SR proteins, such as for spliceosome assembly and for in

262 ble functional similarities between CFIm and SR proteins suggest that interactions between RS-like do

263 hat two members of the serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein superfamily (ASF/SF2 and SC35) act antagonis

264 Binding sites for serine/arginine rich (SR) proteins tended to be exonic whereas heterogeneous r

265 of SR genes to produce different isoforms of SR proteins that are likely to have altered function(s)

266 dentified PfSR1 as a bona fide Ser/Arg-rich (SR) protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytopl

267 PK1 phosphorylation of host serine-arginine (SR) proteins that have critical roles in mRNA metabolism

268 the modular nature of the various domains in SR proteins, the proteins produced from splice variants

269 ough the activation of serine/arginine rich (SR) proteins, the splicing factors involved in the produ

270 ough pseudo-RRMs are crucial for activity of SR proteins, their mode of action was unknown.

271 litated by a subset of serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins through activation of the optimized 3' spli

272 acks the mechanism to release phosphorylated SR proteins, thus functionally inactivating the splicing

273 essive mechanism--a process that directs the SR protein to the nucleus and influences protein-protein

274 ltimerize with one another and with numerous SR proteins to form megadalton sized complexes in which

275 sm involves cotranscriptional recruitment of SR proteins to RNAP II transcripts.

276 tagonizes binding of a serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein to an exonic splicing enhancer, thereby inhi

277 f a heterotrimeric complex consisting of the SR proteins Tra, Tra2 and 9G8.

278 The N-terminus and SID equally enhance SR protein turnover by altering the stability of several

279 do 5' splice site (ss), and serine-arginine (SR) proteins, U1snRNP, and U6 small nuclear ribonucleopr

280 ng the IkappaB-alpha S32/36A superrepressor (SR) protein under control of the mouse mammary tumor vir

281 bidopsis, pre-mRNAs of serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins undergo extensive alternative splicing (AS)

282 icate that posttranslational modification of SR proteins underlies the regulation of their mRNA expor

283 ines in arginine-serine-rich (RS) domains of SR proteins using a directional, C-to-N-terminal mechani

284 of the intronic repressor and recruitment of SR proteins via the SR recruitment sequence of the bifun

285 on in the phosphorylation status of specific SR proteins was detected following the down-regulation o

286 To investigate the evolution of SR proteins, we infer phylogenies for more than 12,000 R

287 ght into structure-function relationships of SR proteins, we performed extensive sequence analysis of

288 der predictions indicated that RS domains of SR proteins were completely unstructured.

289 However, SR proteins were first discovered as factors that intera

290 inding sites or a downstream 3' splice site, SR proteins were sufficient to stimulate polyadenylation

291 acid composition and sequence complexity of SR proteins were very similar to those of the disordered

292 SRSF2 is a prototypical SR protein which plays important roles in the alternativ

293 to facilitate the release of phosphorylated SR proteins, which then promotes efficient splice-site r

294 providing binding sites for serine-arginine (SR) proteins, which contain an arginine-serine-rich (RS)

295 orylation, suggesting that engagement of the SR protein with exonic splicing enhancers can regulate p

296 Our results strongly suggest that SR proteins with a pseudo-RRM frequently regulate splici

297 show that SON facilitates the interaction of SR proteins with RNA polymerase II and other key spliceo

298 e that the exclusive association of U1 snRNP/SR proteins with RNAP II positions these splicing factor

299 alent interactions between ASF/SF2 and other SR proteins with the 5' ends of SMN1 and SMN2 exon 7.

300 scopy to identify interactions of individual SR proteins with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein