ライフサイエンスコーパス: T. vaginalis

1 T. vaginalis adhered to hVECs and produced severe cytoto

2 T. vaginalis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum (both repre

3 T. vaginalis ASR is an increasingly utilized assay that

4 T. vaginalis contains two HSP70 sequences, one Mt-like a

5 T. vaginalis detection rate in males was 6.6%, with no d

6 T. vaginalis DNA was stable in specimens stored without

7 T. vaginalis extract was subjected to hydrophobic chroma

8 T. vaginalis has the coding capacity to produce an activ

9 T. vaginalis HPP forms an approximately 100 kDa homodime

10 T. vaginalis infection is strongly associated with an in

11 T. vaginalis infection was identified in 6.0% (16/268) o

12 T. vaginalis is the most common sexually transmitted inf

13 T. vaginalis may alter the vaginal microbiota in a manne

14 T. vaginalis may be endemic in this community of African

15 T. vaginalis PNP thus belongs to the family of bacterial

16 T. vaginalis prevalence by culture (InPouch; Biomed) was

17 T. vaginalis prevalence differed by race/ethnicity, with

18 T. vaginalis prevalence ranged from 5.4% in family plann

19 T. vaginalis research entered the age of genomics with t

20 T. vaginalis was detected more often in men with wet-mou

21 T. vaginalis was more prevalent than C. trachomatis or N

22 T. vaginalis was most prevalent in women who were 36 to

23 T. vaginalis was the predominant sexually transmitted ag

24 is study, we examined the propensities of 26 T. vaginalis strains to bind to and lyse prostate (BPH-1

25 Vaginal samples from 30 T. vaginalis-infected women were matched by Nugent score

26 ere matched by Nugent score to those from 30 T. vaginalis-uninfected women.

27 ere observed using approximately 2.5 x 10(8) T. vaginalis cells and 350 volts, 960 microFd for electr

28 nts, 858 pharyngeal specimens yielded a 2.9% T. vaginalis detection rate compared with 2.1% for N. go

29 A T. vaginalis cDNA expression library was screened with p

30 The SLPI level was reduced by >50% in a T. vaginalis load-dependent manner.

31 lated in vitro by the catalytic subunit of a T. vaginalis protein kinase A, TvPKAc.

32 The average age of a T. vaginalis-infected male (39.9 years) was significantl

33 kely as women with fewer partners to acquire T. vaginalis (hazard ratio, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.0-9.4).

34 acquired N. gonorrhoeae, and 12.8% acquired T. vaginalis); among 1183 men, 14.7% had 1 or more new i

35 tection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T. vaginalis infection to the growing list of STDs that

36 health care system was performed to address T. vaginalis prevalence in males.

37 s a potential chemotherapeutic agent against T. vaginalis.

38 rt the potential for a human vaccine against T. vaginalis infection that could also influence the inc

39 The aggregate T. vaginalis detection rate trended higher than that of

40 All T. vaginalis pharyngeal detections were confirmed by TMA

41 second ATV TMA assay, utilizing an alternate T. vaginalis primer and probe set, was performed on all

42 nin-labeled ELISA for detection of amplified T. vaginalis DNA from urine, the sensitivity and specifi

43 rachomatis, 11.6%; N. gonorrhoeae, 2.4%; and T. vaginalis, 1.7%.

44 The observation that the two diplomonads and T. vaginalis share the same unusual GK and GPI is consis

45 nt with oral metronidazole is effective, and T. vaginalis DNA disappears rapidly after treatment.

46 The M. genitalium and T. vaginalis detection rates among 755 patients at urban

47 ificantly higher than the N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis infection rates.

48 mens for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and T. vaginalis TMA screening.

49 italium, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and T. vaginalis were 100, 70, 67, and 20%, respectively.

50 o detect C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and T. vaginalis).

51 inal microbiota in T. vaginalis-infected and T. vaginalis-uninfected patients among women with normal

52 (CRS) comprised of wet-mount microscopy and T. vaginalis culture.

53 C. trachomatis and T. vaginalis infection increase the susceptibility to SH

54 n due to N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and T. vaginalis were 3.48, 4.55, and 1.32 cases per 100 per

55 Aptima T. vaginalis assay performance was determined for each s

56 Aptima T. vaginalis clinical sensitivity and specificity were,

57 Aptima T. vaginalis performance levels were similar in asymptom

58 ated the performance of the automated Aptima T. vaginalis assay for detecting T. vaginalis in 1,025 a

59 hybridization assay to the Gen-Probe Aptima T. vaginalis (ATV) transcription-mediated amplification

60 were tested by the TVQ assay, and the Aptima T. vaginalis (ATV) assay was performed using clinician-c

61 dates the clinical performance of the Aptima T. vaginalis assay for screening asymptomatic and sympto

62 T. vaginalis infection in HIV-endemic areas, T. vaginalis control may have a substantial impact on pr

63 th care professionals can consider TMA-based T. vaginalis screening for a wide age range of patients;

64 re we describe the performance of the new BD T. vaginalis Qx (TVQ) amplified DNA assay, which can be

65 emi-conservative genomic arrangement between T. vaginalis isolates.

66 nfection, as well as the association between T. vaginalis infection and increased transmission of and

67 We concluded that the interaction between T. vaginalis and hVECs is both cell specific (limited to

68 4 (55%) were introital, were tested for both T. vaginalis DNA and viable microorganisms using the 5'

69 (ii) Activation of local immune cells by T. vaginalis in the presence of infectious HIV-1 might l

70 nd relative light unit (RLU) data yielded by T. vaginalis ASR.

71 fe, aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted whole-cell T. vaginalis vaccine for efficacy in a BALB/c mouse mode

72 A whole-cell T. vaginalis vaccine was administered subcutaneously to

73 Together, these data indicate that chronic T. vaginalis infections may result in TvMIF-driven infla

74 In all comparisons, T. vaginalis PCR performed better than routine diagnosti

75 us and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with concurrent T. vaginalis infection.

76 mplification test (NAAT) were used to detect T. vaginalis.

77 The mean age of women with detectable T. vaginalis (30.6) was significantly higher than those

78 In females with detectable T. vaginalis, codetection of Chlamydia trachomatis and N

79 tter than wet mount (P = 0.004) and detected T. vaginalis in samples that required 48 to 72 h of incu

80 ated Aptima T. vaginalis assay for detecting T. vaginalis in 1,025 asymptomatic and symptomatic women

81 eement between PCR and culture for detecting T. vaginalis.

82 nge of pathogenic properties among different T. vaginalis strains, all strains show strict contact-de

83 d among the 68 isolates, revealing a diverse T. vaginalis population.

84 cDNA encoding T. vaginalis PNP was isolated by complementation of an E

85 er, contrary to that typical for eukaryotes, T. vaginalis spliceosomal snRNAs lack a cap and may cont

86 start site of transcription in all examined T. vaginalis genes.

87 All examined T. vaginalis introns have a highly conserved 12-nt 3' sp

88 taining 5' untranslated regions of expressed T. vaginalis genes was searched for overrepresented DNA

89 ifferent dsRNA molecules obtained from a few T. vaginalis isolates has suggested that more than one v

90 The presence of CD4(+) T cells following T. vaginalis infection can potentially increase suscepti

91 .74 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-6.00) for T. vaginalis-positive cases.

92 is a new point-of-care diagnostic assay for T. vaginalis that uses an immunochromatographic capillar

93 extraurogenital sources into assessment for T. vaginalis detection may identify additional symptomat

94 Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis assay; ATV) for T. vaginalis were compared with the Affirm VPIII Trichom

95 eplacement technology has been developed for T. vaginalis.

96 > or =2.0 and < or =1.5 were established for T. vaginalis-positive and -negative cutoffs, respectivel

97 netic markers with clinical implications for T. vaginalis infections.

98 Until a NAAT for T. vaginalis is commercially available, a stepwise appro

99 Vaginal-swab specimens were obtained for T. vaginalis culture, wet mount, and rapid testing.

100 I agents) and 26.1% were solely positive for T. vaginalis (P < 0.0002 versus C. trachomatis).

101 Fifty-one women (38%) screened positive for T. vaginalis at baseline.

102 N. gonorrhoeae, 26 (5.2%) were positive for T. vaginalis, and 47 (9.5%) were positive for M. genital

103 Overall, 5.1% of subjects were positive for T. vaginalis.

104 rmy medical clinic were culture positive for T. vaginalis.

105 total samples tested, 6.6% were positive for T. vaginalis.

106 owever, first-void urine detection rates for T. vaginalis and C. trachomatis within this age demograp

107 matic or symptomatic, should be screened for T. vaginalis.

108 hral swab and first-void urine screening for T. vaginalis within a regional health care system was pe

109 ssay in urethral swabs, urine, and semen for T. vaginalis detection in male sexual partners of women

110 vely from both men and women were tested for T. vaginalis DNA with both the FRET-based assay and a pr

111 d be evaluated with more-sensitive tests for T. vaginalis, preferably NAATs, if microscopy is negativ

112 ening asymptomatic and symptomatic women for T. vaginalis infection.

113 e amplified the beta-fructofuranosidase from T. vaginalis cDNA and cloned it into an Escherichia coli

114 binding of T. foetus to BVECs; the LPG from T. vaginalis and a variety of other glycoconjugates did

115 information a PCR product was obtained from T. vaginalis gDNA and used to isolate corresponding cDNA

116 we have isolated an Inr-binding protein from T. vaginalis.

117 A lytic factor (LF) was purified from T. vaginalis, and the molecular characteristics of LF we

118 Furthermore, T. vaginalis LPG (but not LPG from Tritrichomonas foetus

119 Combined-gender T. vaginalis detection rate (9.1%) was significantly gre

120 cquired STIs included chlamydia, gonorrhoea, T. vaginalis and syphilis with rapid plasma reagin >/=1:

121 and 0.24% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis and highest in women <30 years old.

122 rachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae and N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis, and 0.24% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoea

123 High T. vaginalis prevalence in all age groups suggests that

124 Higher T. vaginalis prevalence in women of >40 years is probabl

125 st levels observed in those with the highest T. vaginalis loads.

126 The highest T. vaginalis prevalence was in women >/= 40 years old (>

127 Eight DRP homologues [T. vaginalis DRPs (TvDRPs)], which can be grouped into 3

128 However, T. vaginalis is disproportionality under studied, especi

129 (i) T. vaginalis disruption of urogenital epithelial monolay

130 ed daily with a light microscope to identify T. vaginalis.

131 d detect beta-fructofuranosidase activity in T. vaginalis cell lysates.

132 bacteria, in some proteobacteria and also in T. vaginalis, a Type II amitochondriate protist.

133 etic analysis and assess the role of AP65 in T. vaginalis adherence, we silenced expression of ap65 u

134 me course following the expression of CAT in T. vaginalis transient transformants revealed the highes

135 ce of a plasminogen-binding alpha-enolase in T. vaginalis.

136 o both double and single Inr motifs found in T. vaginalis genes and that binding requires the conserv

137 emonstrate that the conserved motif found in T. vaginalis protein-encoding genes is an Inr promoter e

138 , catalyzing the first step of glycolysis in T. vaginalis, is different from that of the enzyme perfo

139 sms for the regulation of cysteine levels in T. vaginalis, we have characterized enzymes of the merca

140 owed divergence of the vaginal microbiota in T. vaginalis-infected and T. vaginalis-uninfected patien

141 hypothesized that the vaginal microbiota in T. vaginalis-infected women differs from that in T. vagi

142 be grouped into 3 subclasses, are present in T. vaginalis.

143 biotic Trichomonasvirus, highly prevalent in T. vaginalis clinical isolates, is sensed by the human e

144 Core promoters in T. vaginalis appear to consist solely of a highly conser

145 demonstrate antisense RNA gene silencing in T. vaginalis to study the contribution of specific genes

146 aginalis-infected women differs from that in T. vaginalis-uninfected women.

147 median of 566 days, there were 806 incident T. vaginalis infections (23.6/100 person-years), and 265

148 A control strategy that includes T. vaginalis screening in nonclinical settings and rapid

149 Increased T. vaginalis detection was derived from female urine spe

150 fect on mammalian PNPs, was shown to inhibit T. vaginalis PNP with a K(is) of 2.3 microM by competing

151 nal leukocytosis, and recurrent (vs initial) T. vaginalis infection, with the lowest levels observed

152 ools and approaches available to interrogate T. vaginalis biology, with an emphasis on recent advance

153 ave introduced three heterologous genes into T. vaginalis by electroporation and have used the 5' and

154 This warrants a more thorough review of male T. vaginalis incidence.

155 Our data reveal a complex structure, named T. vaginalis lipoglycan (TvLG), that differs markedly fr

156 ned adhesive properties equal to the natural T. vaginalis AP33.

157 ron of P270 was evident among virus-negative T. vaginalis isolates or virus-negative progeny trichomo

158 A total of 38.1% of T. vaginalis-positive pharyngeal specimens were derived

159 All strains (15 of 15) of T. vaginalis tested were successfully detected by PCR gi

160 Changes in MST activity of T. vaginalis in response to variation in the supply of e

161 act in the surface expression of adhesins of T. vaginalis organisms.

162 Steady-state kinetic analysis of T. vaginalis PNP-catalyzed reactions gave K(m)'s of 31.5

163 We have shown an association of T. vaginalis with basement membrane extracellular matrix

164 of hybridomas that inhibited the binding of T. vaginalis organisms to immobilized FN was identified.

165 the incidence and increased the clearance of T. vaginalis infection and induced both systemic and loc

166 Coincubation of T. vaginalis isolates with acutely HIV-1-infected periph

167 , accurate, and high-throughput detection of T. vaginalis and may prove useful in clinical settings a

168 richomonosis was defined as the detection of T. vaginalis by direct microscopy and/or culture from ei

169 reported in females, TMA-based detection of T. vaginalis can be a routine constituent within a compr

170 xisting PCR method for specific detection of T. vaginalis DNA into a rapid real-time PCR assay based

171 a sensitive PCR assay, reliable detection of T. vaginalis in male partners required multiple specimen

172 ive and specific PCR assays for detection of T. vaginalis in urine, a noninvasive specimen, and devel

173 he exclusive use of urine-based detection of T. vaginalis is not appropriate in women.

174 to evaluate urine-based PCR for detection of T. vaginalis using a combined reference standard of wet

175 PCR-based detection of T. vaginalis using vaginal specimens may provide an alte

176 ng vaginal swab samples for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T. vaginalis infection

177 hniques in urine specimen-based detection of T. vaginalis was highly sensitive and revealed a prevale

178 l and cervical specimen-derived detection of T. vaginalis within African American majority geographic

179 d amplification (TMA) assay for detection of T. vaginalis.

180 The diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection by PCR is a sensitive and specifi

181 er culture or wet mount for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infections.

182 can be expected to improve the diagnosis of T. vaginalis, especially where microscopy and culture ar

183 lphaMPP and betaMPP before the divergence of T. vaginalis and mitochondria-bearing lineages.

184 The effect of T. vaginalis isolates on HIV-1 passage through polarized

185 t to the monolayer disruption, the effect of T. vaginalis on HIV-1 replication was not isolate depend

186 ess, surface-associated glycolytic enzyme of T. vaginalis.

187 and may be an important virulence factor of T. vaginalis mediating the destruction of host cells and

188 ndicate a role for a TvDRP in the fission of T. vaginalis hydrogenosomes, similar to that described f

189 onserved region in the beta-tubulin genes of T. vaginalis.

190 Cluster analysis revealed 2 unique groups of T. vaginalis-infected women.

191 The incidence of T. vaginalis infection is high among adolescent women; u

192 norrhoeae PCR assay allowed incorporation of T. vaginalis PCR diagnosis into routine clinical testing

193 F-dAdo and F-Ade exert strong inhibition of T. vaginalis growth with estimated IC(50) values of 106

194 rrying out studies to identify inhibitors of T. vaginalis PNP (TvPNP), we discovered that the nontoxi

195 ng a single, agar-cloned clinical isolate of T. vaginalis, confirming the natural capacity for concur

196 Different clinical isolates of T. vaginalis caused damage to cultured cells at differen

197 ixty-eight historical and recent isolates of T. vaginalis were sampled from the American Type Culture

198 s strains, from 4 other clinical isolates of T. vaginalis.

199 ying and treating females with low levels of T. vaginalis infection (before they become wet mount pos

200 used to screen a cDNA expression library of T. vaginalis.

201 The kinetic mechanism of T. vaginalis PNP-catalyzed reactions, determined by prod

202 to the pathogenesis and disease outcomes of T. vaginalis infections of the human genital mucosa.

203 death may be involved in the pathogenesis of T. vaginalis infection in vivo, may have important impli

204 ever having used a condom were predictive of T. vaginalis infection.

205 croscopy and culture and for the presence of T. vaginalis DNA by specific PCR of vaginal and urine sp

206 Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with metronidazole or periodate abolished t

207 The prevalence of T. vaginalis in this sample was 23.4% (105 of 449) by th

208 The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection before HIV infection was 11.3% in

209 Given the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in HIV-endemic areas, T. vaginali

210 Thus, prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in men is underestimated if only

211 ettings with a moderately high prevalence of T. vaginalis infection, particularly when microscopy is

212 The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 18.8% overall and 8.8% in the 307 wet-m

213 Treatment and prevention of T. vaginalis infection could reduce HIV-1 risk in women.

214 hat GAPDH is a surface-associated protein of T. vaginalis with alternative functions.

215 entify a fibronectin (FN)-binding protein of T. vaginalis.

216 Given the significant rate of T. vaginalis detection, with age distribution analogous

217 rt addressing the differential regulation of T. vaginalis genes immediately upon contact with VECs.

218 The derived amino acid sequence of T. vaginalis LDH (TvLDH) was found to be more closely re

219 recently completed draft genome sequence of T. vaginalis provides an invaluable resource to guide mo

220 The stability of T. vaginalis DNA in 40 urine samples was assessed by sto

221 Overall, there was better stability of T. vaginalis DNA when specimens were stored at 4 degrees

222 netic diversity, and population structure of T. vaginalis.

223 rate from other facilities exceeded that of T. vaginalis (7.2%; P = 0.004).

224 thesis of GAPDH by antisense transfection of T. vaginalis gave lower levels of organisms bound to FN

225 nt efforts in the diagnosis and treatment of T. vaginalis in women and men, especially in countries w

226 atural history, and response to treatment of T. vaginalis infection in adolescent women.

227 Treatment of T. vaginalis T016 with >/=20 mM 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (

228 Here, we review the existing data on T. vaginalis surface proteins and summarize some of the

229 rom extraurogenital sources, with a focus on T. vaginalis.

230 hibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) on T. vaginalis.

231 An optimal analytical sensitivity of one T. vaginalis organism per PCR was achieved.

232 ions with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or T. vaginalis (women only) detected during 4 scheduled re

233 gnoses of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or T. vaginalis infections should return in 3 months for re

234 detect N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis (or T. vaginalis if utilized), there is no US Food and Drug

235 Moreover, 2 of these other T. vaginalis isolates are concurrently infected by strai

236 Overall, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae prevale

237 The trichomonad parasite T. vaginalis causes one of the most common non-viral sex

238 levels were lower in females with a positive T. vaginalis antigen test result, a vaginal pH >4.5, vag

239 N. gonorrhoeae infection overall, a positive T. vaginalis ASR result was a better predictor of concom

240 ected-patient status was defined as positive T. vaginalis test results by at least 2 assays.

241 The increased rate of positive T. vaginalis ASR results was observed in both point-of-c

242 While positive T. vaginalis findings via direct saline preparation did

243 an interview and a pelvic exam, four primary T. vaginalis tests (wet mount, culture, a rapid test, an

244 found that T. vaginalis secretes a protein, T. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (TvM

245 and virtually 100% identity to the reported T. vaginalis subunit.

246 the presence of a 5.5-kb double-stranded RNA T. vaginalis virus (TVV) was assessed.

247 Highly sensitive T. vaginalis molecular ASR not only transcends issues of

248 The short T. vaginalis PFK shares a most recent common ancestor wi

249 re, we biochemically characterize the single T. vaginalis Tgs (TvTgs) encoded in its genome and demon

250 STI phenotype reflected detection of solely T. vaginalis (54.2% of all health care encounters that r

251 to identify a simple method for stabilizing T. vaginalis DNA in urine samples that could be easily a

252 ic and phylogenetic analyses determined that T. vaginalis population structure is strongly influenced

253 We have found that T. vaginalis mRNAs are protected by a 5' cap structure,

254 We have found that T. vaginalis secretes a protein, T. vaginalis macrophage

255 It has been reported that T. vaginalis does not grow on sucrose.

256 r intracellular redox buffer by showing that T. vaginalis contains high levels of cysteine ( approxim

257 The T. vaginalis alpha-actinin amino acid sequence and the s

258 The T. vaginalis enzyme was most similar to PPi-PFK of the m

259 The T. vaginalis LPG triggered interleukin 8 (IL-8), which p

260 The T. vaginalis-specific probe contains a 5'-fluorescein (5

261 amblia POR than with POR of bacteria and the T. vaginalis hydrogenosome.

262 0, which was verified experimentally for the T. vaginalis AP33 adhesin.

263 , no significant difference was noted in the T. vaginalis detection rates (8.9 and 8.6%, P = 0.85).

264 ding in other PPi-PFKs were conserved in the T. vaginalis enzyme.

265 5 A/B, which target different regions in the T. vaginalis genome, and seven were determined to be fal

266 Nevertheless, the T. vaginalis genome contains some 11 putative sucrose tr

267 Comparison of the T. vaginalis alpha-actinin epitopes with proteins in dat

268 ns, respectively, while the 12-kDa FD of the T. vaginalis hydrogenosome was most similar to the 12-kD

269 ales (24.7 years) was lower than that of the T. vaginalis-infected females (mean, 30.1 years; P < 0.0

270 surface glycoconjugate of the parasite, the T. vaginalis lipophosphoglycan (LPG).

271 studies indicate that it interacts with the T. vaginalis RNAP II large subunit C-terminal domain.

272 Thus, T. vaginalis PNP (TvPNP) functions in the reverse direct

273 nted with symptoms of vaginitis, exposure to T. vaginalis, or multiple sexual partners.

274 action to alpha-actinin suggests exposure to T. vaginalis.

275 with the hypothesis that drug resistance to T. vaginalis resulted from a single or very few mutation

276 ng host inflammatory and immune responses to T. vaginalis are poorly understood.

277 ion prevalences were 1.3% for C. trachomatis/T. vaginalis, 0.61% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae an

278 lity to transiently and selectably transform T. vaginalis should greatly enhance research on this imp

279 and the increased risk for HIV transmission, T. vaginalis infection should be reconsidered for inclus

280 adhesins between control versus DAB-treated T. vaginalis parasites.

281 Equally noteworthy was that DAB-treated T. vaginalis with enhanced adherence did not possess the

282 After treatment, T. vaginalis DNA was undetectable within 2 weeks in all

283 the four primary tests was considered a true T. vaginalis-positive result.

284 A key difference between the two T. vaginalis sequences was that Arg91 of MDH, known to b

285 itivity for every additional day delay until T. vaginalis was first detected in cultures (odds ratio

286 ith no difference between urethral and urine T. vaginalis detection (P = 0.53).

287 ence and cytotoxicity were not observed when T. vaginalis was exposed to human vaginal fibroblasts or

288 se, and HIV-infection status associated with T. vaginalis infection.

289 locations were significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection.

290 VCU-M1, which is also associated with T. vaginalis.

291 Coincubation with T. vaginalis isolates induced disruption of monolayer in

292 All sequences were colinear with T. vaginalis gap1 and shared with it as a synapomorphy a

293 epithelial cells or cell lines cultured with T. vaginalis was measured by monitoring transepithelium

294 A in vaginal fluids from women infected with T. vaginalis and uninfected controls.

295 Sera from patients infected with T. vaginalis are reactive to TvMIF, especially in males.

296 om 838 women, 116 of whom were infected with T. vaginalis, were analyzed.

297 nal fluids from pregnant women infected with T. vaginalis.

298 issues following intravaginal infection with T. vaginalis but were not seen in uninfected mice.

299 A total of 85.7% of males with T. vaginalis-positive pharyngeal collections indicated s

300 This rate was higher than those seen with T. vaginalis (9.0%; P = 0.005), C. trachomatis (6.2%), a