ライフサイエンスコーパス: phosphene

1 visual cortex can produce a visual percept (phosphene).

2 cific fashion and induce visual experiences (phosphenes).

3 ortex results in a visual percept known as a phosphene.

4 of tissue that supports the perception of a phosphene.

5 power (but not phase) predicted parietal TMS phosphenes.

6 ex can give rise to visual sensations called phosphenes.

7 ced non-face-related visual changes, such as phosphenes.

8 ack by rating the brightness and size of the phosphenes.

9 ing a smaller effect on the size of elicited phosphenes.

10 ly increased both the size and brightness of phosphenes.

11 d with a 10 x 10 array of 1 degrees diameter phosphenes.

12 to produce illusory visual percepts, called phosphenes.

13 ency to the expected site of perception of a phosphene, a subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulat

14 be capable of producing equivalently bright phosphenes across an entire array.

15 luminance should produce equivalently bright phosphenes across the entire electrode array.

16 ry, on single trials, with the perception of phosphenes after occipital and parietal TMS.

17 ded visual motion perception when the evoked phosphene and the visual stimulus overlapped in time and

18 agnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to elicit phosphenes and to suppress the perception of briefly pre

19 Dizziness, nystagmus, phosphenes, and head ringing were related to the strengt

20 ferent effects on the size and brightness of phosphene appearance.

21 Perceived phosphene brightness declined over time, as reflected in

22 e test subject not only was able to perceive phosphenes, but also could perform visual tasks at rates

23 ization may limit the perception of multiple phosphenes by blind prosthesis recipients.

24 be an important feature of the production of phosphenes by electrical stimulation: phosphene size sat

25 Although phosphenes can be evoked by a wide range of electrode si

26 If distinct phosphenes can be perceived, these results suggest that

27 here is a wide intersubject variation in the phosphene characteristics.

28 Stimulation thresholds for detecting phosphenes correlated with the distance of the electrode

29 The TMS intensity required to elicit phosphenes correlated with the size of the tilt aftereff

30 cibility and characteristics of the elicited phosphenes, despite using the same stimulating parameter

31 individual differences in image processing, phosphene distribution and rehabilitation programs that

32 to explain preferential reports of 'bright' phosphenes during earlier clinical trials.

33 Phosphenes for each subject were consistently reproducib

34 ditioning stimulus (CS) was applied over the phosphene hotspot of the visual cortex, followed by a te

35 We tested this phosphene hypothesis in the SC by comparing the effect o

36 me SC stimulation improved performance; if a phosphene improved performance at this time, a real cue

37 ng-term repeatilibity and reproducibility of phosphenes in subjects chronically implanted with the Ar

38 Two subjects depicted phosphenes in the same hemifield as the expected locatio

39 Four subjects drew phosphenes in the same visual field quadrant, as predict

40 ther the location of photopsias (spontaneous phosphenes) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is related to t

41 are immune to saccadic suppression, whereas phosphenes induced by retinal stimulation are not, thus

42 low-level visual cortex excitability (i.e., phosphene induction) and perception, respectively.

43 Our experiments provide evidence that a phosphene is not responsible for the shift of attention

44 Based on phosphene mapping, TMS double pulses were applied at one

45 Each subject depicted phosphenes of consistent shapes and sizes, and reported

46 ; TMS of occipital cortex can produce visual phosphenes or scotomas.

47 periment, TMS-trials reproduced the cyclical phosphene pattern and revealed a ~10 Hz pattern also for

48 These correlates of phosphene perception closely resemble known electrophysi

49 Phosphene perception occurred only if stimulation evoked

50 In a first, TMS-only experiment, phosphene perception rate against time postsound showed

51 rential pattern of prestimulus predictors of phosphene perception suggests that distinct frequencies

52 Accompanying phosphene perception was also reported.

53 TMS-evoked responses related to phosphene perception were similar across stimulation sit

54 G) and/or probed visual cortex excitability (phosphene perception) through occipital transcranial mag

55 voked activity, revealing the time course of phosphene perception.

56 To achieve this, the brightness of phosphenes produced by an individual electrode should sc

57 Phosphene size also depended on the location of the stim

58 This simple model accurately predicted phosphene size for a broad range of stimulation currents

59 Phosphene size increased as the stimulation current was

60 ion of phosphenes by electrical stimulation: phosphene size saturates at a relatively low current lev

61 We developed a model relating phosphene size to the amount of activated cortex and its

62 ual cortex of 13 human subjects who reported phosphene size while stimulation current was varied.

63 The unexpected saturation in phosphene sizes suggests that the functional architectur

64 Here we show that phosphenes--small illusory visual perceptions--induced b

65 ght be producing an internal visual flash or phosphene that attracts attention as a real flash would.

66 STATEMENT Understanding the neural basis for phosphenes, the visual percepts created by electrical st

67 e show that synesthetes display 3-fold lower phosphene thresholds than controls during stimulation of

68 Use of the Proview phosphene tonometer appears to decrease patient anxiety

69 tonometry, rebound tonometry and the Proview phosphene tonometer.

70 Perceived phosphenes were depicted relative to subjective visual f

71 Electrically elicited phosphenes were present 10 years after implantation of a

72 S intensity was needed to elicit a conscious phosphene when its apparent spatial location was attende

73 d to measure both the brightness and size of phosphenes when the biphasic pulse train was varied by e

74 lpha band (8-13 Hz), predicted occipital TMS phosphenes, whereas higher-frequency beta-band (13-20 Hz

75 excitability predicted perceptual outcomes (phosphenes), which were manifest in both early and late

76 the positions of potentially several hundred phosphenes, which may require repetition if electrode pe