ライフサイエンスコーパス: population size

1 orrelation between genome size and effective population size.

2 and (2) have mass loads which correlate with population size.

3 effects important by lowering the effective population size.

4 n was more consistent with stable historical population size.

5 protected by its isolated position and small population size.

6 enetic diversity after a sudden reduction in population size.

7 tact, inferring a 57% reduction in effective population size.

8 age (APC) method adjusting for age, sex, and population size.

9 ide diversity in herring and its huge census population size.

10 year species trends, e.g. decadal changes in population size.

11 neous Poisson process dependent on effective population size.

12 rienced a consistently large but fluctuating population size.

13 lity becomes more concentrated with a larger population size.

14 of new infections (5%-16%) compared to their population size.

15 olutionary factors such as mutation rate and population size.

16 resource availability in the environment and population size.

17 ity and minimizing the variation of the cell population size.

18 consequences of surviving at extremely small population size.

19 ly important resources, and reduce effective population size.

20 d game theoretic models that enforce a fixed population size.

21 uency deleterious mutations due to the small population size.

22 ected than the species' estimated basin-wide population size.

23 that often are much smaller than the census population size.

24 genotypes, which may have reduced effective population size.

25 raphic history, especially recent changes in population size.

26 d how aggregation sizes change with changing population size.

27 favor cooperation by further reducing local population size.

28 ulness of a concept of an effective cultural population size.

29 , the rate of environmental changes, and the population size.

30 ments but have unreliable relationships with population size.

31 haracterized by typical seasonality in their population size.

32 linear in haplotype length and sublinear in population size.

33 ng environment tends to maximize the average population size.

34 ed is larger in species with large effective population size.

35 ital rates through an increasing function of population size.

36 ty are expected to depend upon the effective population size.

37 for apparent long-term decline in effective population size.

38 various adaptations, and increased effective population size.

39 d for the last subgroup because of its small population size.

40 unced in recent years, despite an increasing population size.

41 s greater in a species with larger effective population size.

42 explained 71.8% of the variation in arapaima population sizes.

43 es in clustering are mainly due to different population sizes.

44 city to, and likely did, limit megaherbivore population sizes.

45 l population sizes, but more slowly at large population sizes.

46 references) to mitigate the effects of small population sizes.

47 evolution in organisms with small effective population sizes.

48 allows for asymmetric gene flow and unequal population sizes.

49 sh have maintained a low long-term effective population size (2,319-2,603) and experienced no detecta

50 frica and experienced a decline in effective population size 20-90KYA, before dispersing across the c

51 ed for thousands of years at extremely small population sizes [6, 7] and, consequently, are a model f

52 performance grows sublinearly with the input population size, a substantial improvement on previous i

53 e Bayesian computational approach to test if population sizes across lineages of snakes, lizards, tur

54 city, declining numbers, and a small current population size act in concert to drive this risk.

55 ring HIV infection when the larger effective population size allows more efficient selection.

56 This indicates that increasing the population size also increases the convergence speed of

57 For large population size and a one dimensional population structu

58 United States into distinct groups based on population size and adjacency to metropolitan areas.

59 798 in 2014), largely due to an increase in population size and age.

60 ion probability of the Star graph, for fixed population size and at the limit of large populations, r

61 ealth services in crisis settings, including population size and composition, exposure to armed attac

62 Our results suggest that long-term population size and cost of complexity drive the evoluti

63 nd polio fadeout frequency to depend on both population size and demography, which should therefore b

64 , capture-recapture models to re-examine the population size and density of a key top predator at Pal

65 computation (ABC) to explore the changes in population size and distribution through time of the spe

66 verage goals due to uncertainty about target population size and distribution.

67 ulated mean rates of surgery proportional to population size and estimate rate of growth between thes

68 it their spatial distribution, determine the population size and estimate the extent of potential hab

69 We evaluated population size and factors influencing environmental ju

70 aluate genetic structure, estimate effective population size and genetic diversity, and infer gene fl

71 cally characterized by prolonged declines in population size and geographic distribution, followed by

72 Owl population size and immigration were unrelated to goshaw

73 We observed a reduction in aphid population size and increased feeding damage on noninfec

74 fast' strategies allow for rapid increase in population size and limit vulnerability to stochastic ev

75 Despite the small population size and limited number of Native American pa

76 w and temperature) vs. density-dependence on population size and mean body size in eastern brook trou

77 feedbacks has focused on interactions among population size and mean traits of populations.

78 mu for haploids (where N e is the effective population size and mu is the mutation rate per site per

79 that is function of initial inoculum, plant population size and nodulation cycle length.

80 ons of related lizard species that differ in population size and other ecological factors.

81 Changes in human population size and range have affected our genetic evol

82 decreasing; that is, they have decreased in population size and range.

83 re-detailed characterizations of the biofilm population size and structure are now feasible with fluo

84 of scenarios for mating systems, selection, population size and structure, migration, recombination

85 f average utilitarianism (AU), which ignores population size and sums only each time period's discoun

86 ; short-term fluctuations can greatly impact population size and susceptibility.

87 ersity will increase with a larger effective population size and the decreasing effects of drift.

88 um of the RSP game in populations depends on population size and the parameter of the payoff matrix a

89 Population size and the quality of waste management syst

90 a strong negative correlation between viral population size and the rate of viral adaptation, the op

91 y when S, the product of twice the effective population size and the selection coefficient, is of ord

92 Holocene and coincided with increasing human population size and the spread of agriculture in North A

93 ential as a bio-pesticide to reduce whitefly population size and thereby decrease virus spread.

94 ey primary producers will help in predicting population size and trait evolution at the base of aquat

95 ions that have experienced a recent shift in population size and/or effective recombination rates.

96 ause directed sperm transfer permits smaller population sizes and additional modes of prezygotic isol

97 ighly diverse with low to moderate effective population sizes and form at least four distinct genetic

98 Heterozygosity, effective population sizes and gene flow all declined with increas

99 different association dynamics, FAD numbers, population sizes and heterogeneities of the FAD-array.

100 nt CD4bs-specific clonal lineages had larger population sizes and higher affinities than that from th

101 of six generations, genetic rescue increased population sizes and intrinsic fitness substantially.

102 ions because of its characteristically large population sizes and low genetic drift.

103 growth rate, as well as projection of future population sizes and quantitative analyses of fitness tr

104 by community-level interactions, that limits population sizes and reduces oscillations.

105 Based on global population sizes and turnover rates, we estimate that th

106 ured at the clonal level repopulating waves, populations' sizes and dynamics, activity of distinct HS

107 demographic factors, including larger local population sizes (and presumably effective population si

108 transposition of selfish DNA, low effective population size, and high-fidelity replication allowed t

109 gatively associated with wintering latitude, population size, and migration distance, which demonstra

110 ionary rate: generation time, mutation rate, population size, and the intensity of natural selection.

111 eotide diversity, exceptionally large census population sizes, and frequent positive selection.

112 ndomness accelerates mutant fixation for all population sizes, and in the case of circular graphs, ra

113 of the species in North America and Europe, population sizes appear to have increased and then stabi

114 Passenger pigeons' large population size appears to have allowed for faster adapt

115 lobiohydrolase activities, and had microbial population sizes approaching those in reference soils.

116 PReFerSim models changes in population size, arbitrary amounts of inbreeding, domina

117 The estimated changes in population size are consistent across the three species

118 rministic analyses we show that decreases in population size are due to changes in stream flow and te

119 pulations that magnitudes of fluctuations in population size are mainly driven by stochastic fluctuat

120 division mode to transiently increase their population size as part of a regenerative program and, i

121 .6 %, whereas Daxiangling, which had similar population size as Xiaoxiangling, had no genetic represe

122 trial influence (Main) in areas with varying population sizes as well as sites in proximity to nature

123 e continental U.S. we also characterized the population size at risk with respect to the level and du

124 enomic data, we estimated that the effective population size at the time of introduction was actually

125 two shallow-water specialists expanded their population sizes at least 2-fold, over a time that overl

126 dated a Bayesian inference model to estimate population size based on 14 population markers which: (1

127 ontrast to our estimates of female effective population size based on mitochondrial data.

128 t highly localized dispersal and small total population size, but not spatial variation in population

129 elop incompatibilities more quickly at small population sizes, but more slowly at large population si

130 Hosts must regulate symbiont population sizes, but optimal regulation may be affected

131 le, and an estimated sixfold increase in yak population size by 3,600 yr BP.

132 d for accurately estimating recent effective population size by using inferred long segments of ident

133 populations, that the stochastic dynamics of population size can be accurately approximated by a univ

134 Marked reductions in population size can trigger corresponding declines in ge

135 We hypothesize that the transient decline in population size caused by a successful invasion of Wolba

136 Unified timing of population size change across communities in response to

137 can be successfully applied to infer recent population size change and may be an important tool for

138 l selection and demography (in the form of a population size change history).

139 ns of the genome give distinct signatures of population size change through time, indicative of wides

140 rized by major demographic events, including population size changes associated with domestication an

141 Our estimates of population size changes indicated that a historical bott

142 le to reliably identify bottlenecks--extreme population size changes of short duration--not only is i

143 -specific, positive gene selection and posit population size changes over time.

144 he spatial variation in density to change as population size changes through time.

145 lation structure with migration, speciation, population size changes, and recombination hotspots.

146 These histories may involve population size changes, continuous migration, discrete

147 arkers to detect the genetic consequences of population size changes, particularly changes that are r

148 , adjusting for underlying incidence trends, population size changes, seasonal factors, and pandemic

149 s Fs, a population genetic metric for recent population size changes, which is consistent with the re

150 equencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic uphe

151 The simulated population size declined from about 330,000 people at 30

152 ffect on N e estimation and the detection of population size declines, with declines reliably detecte

153 e of adaptive and non-adaptive processes: as population size decreases, selection weakens and genetic

154 the expected outcome is generally decreasing population sizes, decreasing species richness at local a

155 influence ecosystems by modulating microbial population size, diversity, metabolic outputs, and gene

156 experienced pronounced declines in effective population size due to both a protracted domestication b

157 ests that dynamic BMP signaling controls ISC population size during midgut regeneration and reveals m

158 which shows marked fluctuations in effective population size during the late Pleistocene.

159 at our method provides accurate estimates of population size dynamics and is substantially faster tha

160 Although effective population size estimates suggest low values for all pop

161 We find mutation rate and effective population size estimates to be comparable to those prod

162 mes do probabilistically depend on effective population size, estimation methods may be systematicall

163 s should be reflected in fluctuations of the population size even in constant environments.

164 l population sizes (and presumably effective population sizes), faster generation times and high rate

165 Phylodynamics seeks to estimate effective population size fluctuations from molecular sequences of

166 missions divided by annual and area-specific population size for each sex and age group, presented wi

167 isk and aid in the establishment of a target population size for monarch conservation planning.

168 We detected successive increases in population size for this pathogen over the last 200 year

169 hroughout the continent, but remained at low population sizes for 8,000 years, including a 4,000-year

170 is assumed to act as the single variable of population size, [Formula: see text], exerting density d

171 parating the relative impact of variation in population size from fluctuations in the environment.

172 ponential models of the historical effective population size from the distribution of sample allele f

173 adapt to changing conditions by influencing population sizes, genetic diversity and/or the fitness l

174 and the establishment of an ambitious target population size goal to buffer against future environmen

175 f conditions on migration affecting breeding population sizes has been completely lacking.

176 All top ten minority groups in terms of population sizes have experienced annual reductions in u

177 SMC++ can jointly infer population size histories and split times in diverged po

178 ogether with a reconstructed model of recent population-size history.

179 a relationship between genetic diversity and population size in comparative studies has generated som

180 D levels, persistence of phase and effective population size in Hereford and Braford cattle populatio

181 elationship, many theories invoke a role for population size in the evolution of complexity.

182 Coalescence-based analyses suggest that the population size in this region rapidly increased after t

183 ure can be explained by a historically large population size, in combination with no known exploitati

184 a were shown to display massive decreases in population size, in contrast to patterns of proliferatio

185 ting high gene flow and/or a large effective population size; indeed, the only significant genetic di

186 stitute a possible explanation for effective population sizes inferred from genetic data that often a

187 Urban areas were stratified by population size into small (100000-250000), medium, (250

188 confirm the CMR reduces exponentially at low population sizes, irrespective of peak radius and distan

189 population genetic consequences of declining population size is important for conserving the many spe

190 marked reduction followed by an expansion in population size is indicated to have occurred during the

191 cells to invest in cooperation only when the population size is large enough (quorum sensing) and ind

192 pe space, and (2) slower divergence when the population size is larger than the inverse of discrete d

193 th more pronounced effects where the macaque population size is larger.

194 Population size is one parameter that alters the relativ

195 uding dispersal rates and (ii) colony-scaled population size is rather indicative of local stochastic

196 , resulting in an apparent decline even when population size is stable.

197 ell et al., which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural c

198 r alleles at the wave front, where effective population size is thus increased and local introgressed

199 ing capacity of the population, and thus the population size, is determined by pairwise competition o

200 eration times and moderately large effective population sizes, leading to extensive incomplete lineag

201 after transmission, when the small effective population size limits efficient purge by natural select

202 sts and is likely to reflect large effective population sizes maintained over huge areas by effective

203 ienced rapid expansion post-domestication to population sizes much larger than its ancestor.

204 q data sets to accurately estimate effective population size (N e) over the course of stable and decl

205 ic mechanisms that underlie the Ne to census population size (N) ratio, remains challenging, especial

206 in reproductive success (V k*) and effective population sizes (N e) in several species of sex-changin

207 regions, food producers had larger effective population sizes (N e) than foragers already 20 k years

208 will increase proportionally with the census population size (Nc).

209 stimate trajectories of changes in effective population size (Ne ) and used a Bayesian-coalescent bas

210 ated lineage experienced a steady decline in population size (Ne ) thereafter.

211 he key eco-evolutionary parameters effective population size (Ne) and Ne/N is revisited for iteroparo

212 Contemporary effective population size (Ne) can be estimated using linkage dise

213 Estimation of contemporary effective population size (Ne) from linkage disequilibrium (LD) be

214 is the primary factor that reduces effective population size (Ne) in natural populations.

215 Effective population size (Ne) is a key parameter in population ge

216 ically summarized by its long-term effective population size (Ne).

217 ry by investigating changes in the effective population size (Ne).

218 ide diversity and hence very small effective population sizes (Ne ) in all populations.

219 served LD is related to historical effective population sizes (Ne), and can provide insights into the

220 undisrupted, resulting in a larger effective population size, no discernable population structure, an

221 As expected, due to the small population size, no SNPs displayed an exome-wide signifi

222 attractors (a proxy for resilience), such as population size, number of dry months, net primary produ

223 Regulation towards an equilibrium population size occurs through density-dependent mortali

224 With a global population size of 3.6 x 10(27) [3], they are responsibl

225 5% CI 0.13-0.92 per log-unit increase in the population size of a district).

226 fire frequencies of 3-4 years that maximised population size of a perennial grass.

227 YBP), and then even more quickly to reach a population size of about 140,000 (recently).

228 We estimated the effective population size of influenza A virus across donor-recipi

229 cells, and secreted OPN (sOPN) increase the population size of lymphoid cells.

230 r suitable conditions and that the effective population size of modern corals provides rich standing

231 Intracellular OPN (iOPN) diminished the population size of myeloid progenitor cells and myeloid

232 at Pannexin 1 (Panx1) maintains a consistent population size of neural precursor cells in the ventric

233 at maize was reduced to approximately 5% the population size of teosinte before it experienced rapid

234 likely due to the higher long-term effective population size of teosinte.

235 correlated with an increase in fecundity and population size of the GPA and a parallel reduction in c

236 The effective population size of the North American epidemic stabilise

237 erwise healthy human hosts when the founding population size of the virus is large, as is the case wi

238 ng model to show how changes in the relative population sizes of calcareous plankton, combined with s

239 With population sizes of many vertebrates decreasing and isol

240 The effect of population size on patterns and rates of language evolut

241 tatistically robust test of the influence of population size on rates of language evolution, controll

242 asting predictions about the effect of total population size on relative abundances among habitats.

243 Revealing the influence of population size on the tempo and mode of language evolut

244 theory predicts that factors such as a small population size or low recombination rate can limit the

245 leotide diversity because of fluctuations in population size over the millions of years it takes to b

246 alled stairway plot, which infers changes in population size over time using SNP frequency spectra.

247 indicative of maintenance of small effective population sizes over evolutionary timescales, which sug

248 estimate previously unknown current and past population sizes over the last 3 million years.

249 o health care spending in the United States: population size, population age structure, disease preva

250 Change in population size, population aging, disease prevalence or

251 At small population sizes, population dynamics are primarily driv

252 edict that in a structured population, small population sizes precipitated by defectors provide a "bu

253 The decrease in CMR with population size previously observed is maintained; there

254 are robust in the presence of variability in population size, pulse timing and synaptic strength.

255 esults also suggest that maintaining a large population size, rather than just avoiding inbreeding, i

256 ately 13,000-15,000 years ago with effective population size reaching its minimum value approximately

257 years ago, suggesting a protracted period of population size reduction likely commencing with predome

258 approximately 5-fold increase of the monarch population size (relative to the winter of 2014-15) is n

259 The large population size, relatively small genome and multiple pu

260 s predicting visit rates from PA size, local population size, remoteness, natural attractiveness, and

261 ty of any irrigation system: or the critical population size required to keep the irrigation system o

262 Bayesian estimation of past effective population sizes reveals two differing demographic histo

263 tion for a general model where the effective population size, selection coefficients and mutation par

264 ata with different combinations of reference population size, sequence read depth and error rate.

265 igh- and low-predation guppy phenotypes with population size structure.

266 ng temperature and precipitation influencing population size, such as extreme heat having less of a n

267 Historical changes in population size, such as those caused by demographic ran

268 xperimental estimates for neuron properties, population sizes, synapse strengths and connections, we

269 G well to residential properties to evaluate population size, temporal relationships between housing

270 ore, during, and after a severe reduction in population size that lasted two generations.

271 the fraction of vaccinated individuals, the population size, the basic reproduction number and the r

272 of inter-generational reproduction dynamics, population size, the number of decisions throughout an i

273 es with probability proportionate to village population size, then sampled 23 households within each

274 archaic admixture, and changes in effective population size through time as well as for signals of p

275 ok salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawner population size through time leads to different relative

276 Estimates of effective population size through time show a dramatic bottleneck

277 genome reveals extreme changes in effective population size throughout the Pleistocene.

278 We find that the minimum effective population size to avoid severe inbreeding depression in

279 Model results were combined with US Census population sizes to estimate total number and prevalence

280 ent survey methods, we compared contemporary population sizes to historical data from sites spanning

281 ccurred in 75% of 74 lineages, and of these, population size trajectories across the community were p

282 eatment thresholds, matched by total cost or population size treated, did not change the comparative

283 are capable of rebounding from reductions in population size under suitable conditions and that the e

284 ormula: see text] for contemporary effective population size using temporal data is developed in this

285 The overall impact on owl population size varied by up to 50%, depending on the pa

286 The reduction in the BCA population size was relatively small within 8 days; inde

287 relatively steady, and in HL group, the low population size was sustained until end of experiment.

288 roduction number, R0, weighted by provincial population size, was 26.63 for EV-A71 (interquartile ran

289 Increases in US population size were associated with a 23.1% (uncertaint

290 Differential fluctuations in population size were observed between maternally density

291 ential for widespread habitat degradation if population sizes were not limited.

292 In several examples, large population sizes were required to detect GxEs.

293 nse to diminished diet quality may influence population size when available food reaches a lower thre

294 However, population collapse implies small population size, which, in a structured population, is k

295 genetic diversity associated with decreased population sizes, which may be due to the inflexible nat

296 or PET imaging detects changes in macrophage population size while molecular MRI reports on increasin

297 ation and mutation, as well as the effective population size, while handling sampling over different

298 ports the scaling of human interactions with population size with an exponent gamma ranging between 1

299 o accurately detect any directional shift in population sizes with even moderate PV.

300 ereas resistance aims to reduce the pathogen population size within the host.