ライフサイエンスコーパス: protect

1 However, not all are well protected.

2 ons in the adducts and keeps all heteroatoms protected.

3 lying that its dynamics may be topologically protected.

4 by addition of an aldehyde led to quaternary protected 2-amino-2-vinyl-1,3-diols in high yield and ex

5 ion of 'targeted-only' cells, be utilized to protect a genomic locus from transposon integration, and

6 The alpha6beta4 integrin protects adherent epithelial and carcinoma cells from fe

7 rt of a patient-level meta-analysis with the PROTECT AF trial, are reported with patients in both tri

8 increasing angiogenesis and cell survival to protect against and limit damage associated with the pro

9 y as a promising new therapeutic strategy to protect against anticancer drug-induced peripheral neuro

10 Estrogens protect against apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs), on

11 neutralize TcdB function have been shown to protect against C. difficile infection in animal models

12 in interactions, the modulation of which may protect against cancer, radiation, and aging.

13 e, suggest that early-life farming exposures protect against childhood asthma and allergy; few data e

14 ses revealed that ITNs did not significantly protect against clinical malaria (odds ratio [OR]=0.95,

15 While Th17 cells can protect against colonization by pathogenic organisms, th

16 tion of local complement proteins that could protect against complement-mediated damage.

17 Metformin may protect against coronary atherosclerosis in prediabetes

18 zygous deficiency of APOC3 has been shown to protect against coronary heart disease; we identified AP

19 Thus, PKM2 activation may protect against DN by increasing glucose metabolic flux,

20 ting Ca(2+) accumulation in the terminal may protect against hearing loss.

21 iNKT cells) are innate-like lymphocytes that protect against infection, autoimmune disease and cancer

22 Commensal bacteria protect against invading pathogens using many strategies

23 ctivity seems to preserve lung volume and to protect against lung collapse.

24 IPTp-SP appears to protect against malaria, STIs/RTIs, and other unspecifie

25 Host immune and physical barriers protect against pathogens but also impede the establishm

26 The increased TGF-beta signaling may protect against rapid retinopathy progression and should

27 ng infection and anti-HEV antibodies seem to protect against reinfection, its pathogenesis is not wel

28 , we identify members of the microbiota that protect against respiratory infection by the major human

29 ate the host signaling axis they activate to protect against respiratory infection.

30 Here, we describe how F-specific antibodies protect against RSV and why specifically targeting prefu

31 This response was sufficient to protect against Salmonella tissue invasion and involved

32 and produce specific immunity proteins that protect against self-intoxication.

33 ecombinant protein-based vaccine licensed to protect against serogroup B meningococcal disease.

34 sure to a farm environment has been shown to protect against the development of inflammatory diseases

35 mutants, we identify DNA repair factors that protect against the genotoxicity of ICLs generated by tr

36 t month 12, suggesting that this genus might protect against the later development of AD.

37 ol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, could protect against these changes.

38 variant and triggered by ligand functions to protect against viral challenge, which probably accounts

39 hese results demonstrate that CD8(+) T cells protect against ZIKV infection.

40 ive VACV-specific CD8(+) T cell response and protected against a lethal VACV challenge.

41 Human homologs of top-ranked hits protected against alphaSyn-induced cell death in a human

42 set of gapless states that are topologically protected against backscattering.

43 PGA2 enhanced the EC barrier and protected against barrier dysfunction caused by vasoacti

44 and IL-17A knockout (il17a(-/-) ) mice were protected against bleomycin (BLEO)-induced fibrosis and

45 er, overexpression of DLST in wild-type mice protected against cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in

46 loroquine prophylaxis (PfSPZ-CVac), and were protected against controlled human malaria infection.

47 r platelet-specific deficiency in CLEC-2 are protected against DVT.

48 educed renal levels of hypusinated eIF5A and protected against ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal inj

49 tasigH, a stress-response-attenuated strain, protected against lethal TB in macaques.

50 amyloid protein precursor-knockout mice were protected against lithium-induced iron elevation and neu

51 xercise-trained Atg7(h&mKO) mice were better protected against obesity and insulin resistance with in

52 vascularization development but selectively protected against oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mi

53 after a primary NPHV infection, horses were protected against rechallenge with the homologous as wel

54 coccus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes and protected against staphylococcal alpha-toxin-induced ker

55 f C16-ceramide, showed that CerS6-deficiency protected against the development of colitis.

56 et protein, heme oxygenase-1 in the skin and protected against UVB-induced oxidative stress, inflamma

57 es to both acute and chronic stress and were protected against weight loss associated with chronic st

58 er telomeres relative to humans, potentially protecting against age-related disease caused by haploin

59 nd for five outcomes, with male circumcision protecting against cervical cancer, cervical dysplasia,

60 important roles in sensing the environment, protecting against colonization and infection of pathoge

61 ompanied by persistent beneficial effects in protecting against HFD-induced obesity and metabolic dis

62 t of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in protecting against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) c

63 the clinical effectiveness of Ty21a-AR-Ss in protecting against S. sonnei shigellosis and typhoid fev

64 A vaccine that protects against a broad range of New World arenaviruses

65 HDM engagement with PC receptors in the lung protects against allergic airway disease.

66 e results suggest LIP ultrasound stimulation protects against brain injury in the hippocampus and cor

67 Maternal folic acid (FA) protects against developmental toxicity from certain env

68 Thus, the LPAR antagonist BMS002 protects against GFR decline and attenuates development

69 rate usage and mitochondrial uncoupling, and protects against ischaemia/reperfusion.

70 range of HIV-1 primary isolates in vitro and protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SH

71 e of skin shows that SNP309G allele actually protects against squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility.

72 e (HBB2), a dual activator of NRF2 and HSF1, protects against the development of UV irradiation-media

73 nvolvement, and there is no vaccination that protects against the disease.

74 ineurin's activity toward those proteins and protects against the toxic hallmarks of alpha-syn pathol

75 Inhibition of miR-204 protects against tunicamycin-induced vascular/endothelia

76 on exacerbates, whereas MIOX gene disruption protects against, cisplatin-induced AKI.

77 To enquire how the circadian system protects aging organisms, here we compare circadian tran

78 onomically optimal protection strategy is to protect all species, no species, and cases in between.

79 ltrating PMNs (PMN-MPs) serve as shuttles to protect and deliver active mediators to locally modulate

80 environmental stress and propose a method to protect and store proteins for immediate use post-stress

81 17.9% of these high-risk areas are formally protected and only 8.9% have strict protection, new larg

82 sustainably manage wild meat hunting in both protected and unprotected tropical ecosystems are urgent

83 s metal catalysts, ligands, excess reagents, protecting and/or directing groups.

84 production of virus-targeted antibodies that protected animals against ZIKV challenges, but their use

85 ulating PGRP-SB2 selectively in the fat body protected animals from the deleterious effects of overnu

86 ting that the IPR is a distinct pathway that protects animals from proteotoxic stress.

87 The fully protected antithrombotic pentasaccharide idraparinux was

88 nterspaced short palindromic repeats) system protects archaea and bacteria by eliminating nucleic aci

89 Encouragingly, protected area coverage of current and future climatical

90 ereby we compare the baseline climate of the protected area network in North America (Canada, United

91 The majority of protected areas ( 80%) might be exposed to high rates of

92 anthropogenic carbon emissions, and tropical protected areas (PAs) that reduce deforestation can ther

93 Protected areas buffer species from anthropogenic threat

94 On the other hand, protected areas that were more accessible, had sparser v

95 Public protected areas with low and medium protection status ar

96 s target levels; however, there is a lack of protected areas within the Canadian Arctic where resourc

97 atic species might explain attractiveness of protected areas, and call for more in-depth content anal

98 high-suitability habitat occurred outside of protected areas, further elevating extinction risk.

99 mmal population densities were lower outside protected areas, particularly because of commercial hunt

100 y could be remedied by a slight expansion of protected areas: an additional 5% of the land has the po

101 example of this is how neuronal diversity is protected at the expense of neuronal number under sustai

102 es the cationic exopolysaccharide Pel, which protects bacteria from aminoglycoside antibiotics and co

103 s the deubiquitinase activity of ataxin 3 to protect beclin 1 from proteasome-mediated degradation an

104 ortant role in mitigating climate change and protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services.

105 Furthermore, SSRIs protected both wild-type and SERT knockout mice from beh

106 We find that 3M-052 in multiple formulations protects both mice and ferrets from lethal H5N1 homologo

107 equilibrium fluxes can support topologically protected boundary modes that resemble similar modes in

108 tion is recommended; whether vaccination can protect by opsonophagocytic activity in the absence of S

109 These diving flies are protected by an air bubble that forms around their super

110 A sodium metal anode protected by an ion-rich polymeric membrane exhibits enh

111 honey bee population is a ticking time-bomb, protected by its isolated position and small population

112 otection.In meiosis I centromeric cohesin is protected by Sgo2 from Separase-mediated cleavage ensuri

113 ch were more sensitive to adriamycin and not protected by sildenafil.

114 n, including at an upstream enhancer that is protected by TET2, to allow Tet1 expression.

115 Fly telomeres are protected by the terminin complex that includes the HOAP

116 ar very late, and patients are typically not protected by them.

117 Finally, D-RR4 protected Caenorhabditis elegans from lethal infections

118 ed ability to inhibit TIMP-3 endocytosis and protect cartilage.

119 pening variation in gene expression, thereby protecting cell identity, and in controlling dramatic sh

120 onserved in many non-vertebrate taxa and may protect cells against hypoxia and oxidative stress.

121 zed that KSHV miRNAs target human GADD45B to protect cells from consequences of DNA damage, which can

122 Second, CsgA fibres protect cells individually by coating their surface and

123 This compound efficiently protects cells against various toxins and pathogens incl

124 to evade ferroptosis involves its ability to protect changes in membrane lipids that are proferroptot

125 malaria-endemic areas of Africa, where they protect children from severe and uncomplicated Plasmodiu

126 ndidate was previously shown by our group to protect chimpanzees and generate broad cross-neutralizin

127 POT1 and TPP1 form a stable heterodimer that protects chromosome ends and regulates telomerase-mediat

128 ere we show that single crystals of thiolate-protected clusters can be grown in large quantity and ve

129 Skyrmions are topologically protected continuous field configurations that cannot be

130 ptosis in a mammalian expression system, and protected cortical neurons from slow excitotoxic injury

131 oxp1 Elevating expression of isoform-A or -D protects cortical neurons from death caused by the expre

132 of these transcripts at prophase appears to protect cyclins from precocious degradation.

133 therapy, photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, protected delivery of bioactive moieties, anticancer dru

134 the boronic ester, a variety of selectively protected di- and trisaccharide derivatives can be acces

135 In the key transformation, a protected dialdehyde precursor undergoes a cascade react

136 This vitamin has a reported capacity to protect different plant species, but its application to

137 MjAgo degradation, and recombinant histones protect DNA from cleavage in vitro.

138 NO necessary to promote angiogenesis and to protect ECs against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative

139 Silverskin extracts protected erythrocytes from oxidative AAPH- and H2O2-ind

140 rs with artificial degradation tags were not protected even though cargo binding is unaffected.

141 ssociated proapoptotic transcription factor, protected fibroblasts from 5-aza only when the cytotoxic

142 polyphenols in stabilising capsule wall and protecting fish oil encapsulates from heat induced disru

143 The expression of a protected fluorescent reporter and flux of a high-value

144 scribe an improved synthesis of orthogonally protected Fmoc-Dyp-acetonide (9) and of several Fmoc-d-H

145 immunodominant vaccine antigens can fail to protect for opposite reasons, highlighting a major chall

146 The resulting pentasaccharide is suitably protected for further chain elongation at positions 3, 4

147 s and enhance current efforts to monitor and protect freshwater mussel biodiversity.

148 G colocalized with autophagosomes, which can protect from destructive processing.

149 identification of specific gut bacteria that protect from Salmonella infection by priming host IFN-ga

150 NOD mice treated with AZD1480 were protected from autoimmune diabetes, and diabetes was rev

151 il of six different vaccines were completely protected from challenge with individual virulent seroty

152 en extracts: The protein/DNA molecule can be protected from degradation, higher local concentrations

153 and mice treated with a P2X7 inhibitor were protected from diabetes-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, ICA

154 producible jigsaw map of dysferlin fragments protected from digestion.

155 Nlrp12(-/-) mice are protected from lethality during IAV infection and show d

156 ns of fibrotic cardiac tissue, where hMSC PS protected from potential proarrhythmic effects of HC at

157 h also shows reduced muscle strength, but is protected from stretch-induced eccentric damage with age

158 adily available for HGT and may be partially protected from the environment, describe the effects of

159 ce lacking the endogenous receptor CD36 were protected from the neuroinflammatory and BBB permeabilit

160 ases promote proliferation and how cells are protected from the potentially harmful action of apoptot

161 /E3 mice, whereas P301S/EKO mice are largely protected from these changes.

162 e locally, affects mitochondria dynamics and protects from apoptotic cell death.

163 es reduced circulating TG levels and, hence, protects from CHD.

164 Finally, we show that Zbtb20 ablation protects from diet-induced liver steatosis and improves

165 Whether ITPP protects from distant metastases in primary colon cancer

166 These findings suggest that C3 protects from early glaucomatous damage, a process that

167 arepsilon and IkappaBalpha, and consequently protects from excessive inflammation and acute shock in

168 The potent HN analogue HNG protects from stressor-induced cell death in fibroblasts

169 Furthermore, the loss of myeloid AC protects from tumor incidence in colitis-associated canc

170 hors show interleukin-27 promotes the tissue-protecting functions of neutrophils via, at least partly

171 rotection sequence enables conversion of the protected glycosides to the free N,N-diacetyllegionamini

172 se coupling reactions without the need for a protecting group for the alkyne-functional initiator: (1

173 The choice of benzoyl as N-protecting group is critical since the observed N- to O-

174 which the phosphate moiety bears a chemical protecting group, thus eliminating the negative charges

175 Here we introduce a protecting-group-free approach for the alpha-functionali

176 , bromo- and chloroacetates, which are major protecting groups in glycochemistry because they are ort

177 biomimetic conditions, without the need for protecting groups, yielding powerful synthons in previou

178 d by organisational policy that promotes and protects healthcare support worker training; formalising

179 illing to put her life in danger in order to protect her offspring.

180 Using drugs to protect HG MKs from apoptosis and CD42b shedding, we als

181 Compound 23 protected hippocampal neuronal cells from the excitotoxi

182 responses in mice, suggesting that it could protect horses against EHV-1 infection.

183 Exogenous expression of GMAP6 protected Huh-7 cells from apoptosis, suggesting that GI

184 hort duration, these efficient nanofactories protect human cells from toxic reactive oxygen species f

185 Minamata Convention, a UN treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from adverse ef

186 ect evidence for the crucial role of Nrf2 in protecting human organ function (i.e., scalp hair follic

187 all molecule TNFR inhibitor R-7050 partially protected hyperoxaluric mice from nephrocalcinosis and C

188 A novel total synthesis of fully protected idraparinux has been achieved.

189 on of antioxidants in a culture medium could protect immature mouse oocytes from damages caused by ox

190 e a defect in neutrophil recruitment and are protected in 2 models of inflammatory arthritis.

191 immunotherapy is an approved method used to protect individuals against several pathogens and toxins

192 ion, new large-scale conservation efforts to protect intact forests are necessary to slow deforestati

193 sis (Mtb) to replicate intracellularly while protecting it from antibiotic treatment.

194 ressor PTEN into the nucleus and in so doing protects it from cytoplasmic proteins that cause PTEN de

195 We also found that the ability of a cargo to protect its adaptor is adaptor substrate-specific, as ad

196 ility complex class I molecules (MHC I) help protect jawed vertebrates by binding and presenting immu

197 ized that strengthening this interaction may protect kidney's filtration barrier and preserve kidney

198 in Zn-catalyzed allenylation reactions of N-protected l-alpha-amino aldehydes is reported.

199 powerful and efficient biomonitoring tool to protect local aquatic ecosystems.

200 plained by productive substrate binding that protects LPMOs from oxidative self-inactivation.

201 nses in WT but not CD11b-deficient mice, and protected lupus-prone MRL/Lpr mice from end-organ injury

202 t to killing by C. albicans The peptide also protects macrophages and augments their antifungal activ

203 s support a novel nuclear role for SmgGDS in protecting malignant cells from nucleolar stress, thus p

204 Thiolate-protected metal clusters are materials of ever-growing i

205 ls with an insulating bulk and topologically protected metallic surface states.

206 Diabetes occurred in the anti-CSF-1 receptor protected mice after treatment with a blocking antibody

207 2 greatly reduced hepatic GCGR signaling and protected mice against the metabolic deficits caused by

208 kidneys, and adoptive transfer of ILC2 also protected mice from IRI.

209 ogenetic C1 neuron (C1) stimulation (10 min) protected mice from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

210 ocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, and protected mice from MRSA infection in two model systems.

211 Loss of Cadm1 protected mice from obesity, and tract-tracing analysis

212 evidence has revealed that SLC13A5 deletion protects mice from high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatos

213 s Akt activation and osteoclastogenesis, and protects mice from pathological bone loss in disease mod

214 Consumption of a high-fat diet protects mice from ventilator-induced lung injury in a m

215 is both in vitro and in vivo and effectively protected mitochondrial function.

216 They are better described as protected molecules or aspicules, where aspis means shie

217 ic acid administration 6 or 7 times per week protected more against methotrexate-induced gastrointest

218 Previously, we showed that aripiprazole may protect motivational function by preserving reinforcemen

219 runcated G-CSFRs associated with SCN/AML may protect myeloid precursor cells from apoptosis induced b

220 metal nanoparticles also known as monolayer-protected nanoparticles (MPNs).

221 ete with chaperone proteins that transiently protect nascent ncRNA ends from exoribonucleases, with p

222 can act as a promising biofilter capable of protecting natural aquafers from pathogens.

223 itude more potent than natural flavonoids at protecting neural cells against oxidative stress and is

224 ogenomics platform to identify strategies to protect neuronal cells from mutant huntingtin induced de

225 21(Waf1/Cip1) blocks the ability of Foxp1 to protect neurons from mut-Htt-induced neurotoxicity.

226 ctors present in the CNS may physiologically protect neurons from the deleterious impact of AbetaOs.

227 particularly during pregnancy and lactation, protects offspring from WD-induced developmental program

228 oting gametocyte-to-ookinete development and protecting ookinetes from the mosquito complement-like r

229 eening for small molecules or drugs that can protect or restore mechanosensory hair cells has been ha

230 yroid hormone both in vitro and in vivo, and protects osteocytes from oxidative stress.

231 cient anaerobic respiration, and selectively protecting otherwise bioavailable, reduced organic compo

232 ter of Europe's marine and terrestrial areas protected over the last 100 years have been colonized by

233 teract with the environment, particularly to protect pathogens from immune surveillance and host defe

234 Clinicians may help protect patients after discharge by serving as a liaison

235 an be priced below around pound200 per fully protected person.

236 ized secondary metabolites serve not only to protect plants against abiotic and biotic challenges, bu

237 Here Liu et al. show that Sirt6 protects podocytes from apoptosis and inflammation by in

238 Distinct cellular barriers that protect primary human blood cells are likely to be impor

239 e used two decades of ecological data from a protected primary rainforest in Malaysia to illutrate ho

240 Protecting privacy in family-based studies is more diffi

241 gly, we discovered that TrxR1/NADPH directly protects PTP1B from inactivation when present during the

242 Food safety is a major issue to protect public health and a key challenge is to find det

243 is crucial for managing water resources and protecting public health.

244 nd has the potential to more than triple the protected range of species or phylogenetic or functional

245 that promote unperturbed DNA replication and protect, repair and restart damaged forks.

246 ta7) just before and following SIV infection protected rhesus macaques from developing AIDS and parti

247 in which PhoPQ-dependent Mg(2+) homeostasis protects Salmonella against nitrooxidative stress.

248 Field experiments revealed that in protected salt marshes experiencing a severe drought, pl

249 ttenuated FoxO-mediated murf1 expression and protected sarcomeres from degradation in ncx1-deficient

250 ene fusion, we show that CrsR sequesters and protects sigma(S) during the exponential growth phase an

251 es in vitro and in vivo KCNQ2/3 coexpression protected SMIT1 activity from the otherwise inhibitory e

252 enzymatic activity and ability to retain and protect SOD1 under physiological conditions.

253 replacing traditional explosive compounds to protect soldiers and simplify transport logistics.

254 the literature invoke N-alkyl or N-carbonyl-protected sulfamidates.

255 nation against all serotypes is necessary to protect susceptible animals and to prevent onward spread

256 sults reveal a novel mechanism as to how WRN protects telomere integrity from damage and telomere ero

257 hereas the X-ray beam is often attenuated to protect the detector from damage caused by intense Bragg

258 NPs, and with end modification pathways that protect the ends of some ncRNAs from nucleases.

259 efficacy, we developed a unique approach to protect the heart by transplanting respiration-competent

260 EETs at sites of airway epithelial damage to protect the host from infections in patients with chroni

261 d over many millennia to be best equipped to protect the host from pathogen infection.

262 atopoiesis, which forms the immune system to protect the host from pathogen invasion.

263 R in the renal proximal tubule cells did not protect the mice from obesity, but markedly attenuated t

264 ce to be released in response to RIPC and to protect the myocardium during ischemic cardioplegic arre

265 and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as to protect the nervous system.

266 commonly used by ophthalmic practitioners to protect the patient's cornea.

267 ese reforms were designed and implemented to protect the principles of solidarity and self-governance

268 nfected and dying neutrophils is required to protect the surrounding tissue from bioactive neutrophil

269 sis, to enhance the enzymes stability and to protect the transducer from biofouling.

270 orced acquisition of cytotoxic functions and protected the cytotoxic lineage integrity by preventing

271 In contrast, the HMP device fully protected the liver against lethal ischemia/reperfusion

272 laxis with the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib protected the mice from severe IgE-mediated anaphylaxis.

273 Cfh deletion protected the mice from the pathogenic subretinal accumu

274 hypertensive responses that are critical in protecting the abdominal aorta from injury.

275 hin proteins preserve centromere cohesion by protecting the cohesin complex from cleavage, and this h

276 lasm of zygotes and has been associated with protecting the female pronucleus from TET3-mediated deme

277 nsurance and health-care delivery systems in protecting the health of diabetic patients during times

278 ivity of the germline to DNA damage, thereby protecting the integrity of gamete genomes that are pass

279 chieve optimal organ/tissue digestion, while protecting the integrity of the target cells.

280 g degradation of an unstimulated IGF-1R, but protecting the receptor against agonist-induced degradat

281 mains can enhance protein phosphorylation by protecting the sites bound by these domains from phospha

282 The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from inflammation but the mechanisms

283 ouble-strand break (DSB) repair pathway that protects the genome from chromosomal instability.

284 In this way, Mbd3/NuRD protects the multipotency of lymphoid progenitors, preve

285 We show that O-acetylation driven by Adr protects the peptidoglycan of dividing cells from cleava

286 Together, these results suggest that VEGF protects the retinal and glomerular microvasculature, no

287 am to the eC surface without breaking vacuum protects the surface from the environment after fabricat

288 that-when administered to colitis-prone mice-protected them against colitis-associated death.

289 ion in mice afflicted with p53-mutant tumors protected them from doxorubicin-induced neutropenia and

290 inflammatory monocyte macrophages partially protected these mice from lethal SARS.

291 that in mice the transcription factor STAT3 protects these cells from death and contributes to maint

292 ded to inform firm recommendations on how to protect this vulnerable population.

293 otypes exert different functions in order to protect tissue and preserve organ function.

294 e we show that the pan-BET inhibitor (+)-JQ1 protects tumor-bearing mice from body weight loss and mu

295 the AMPK-TORC1 metabolic checkpoint, thereby protecting tumour cells from MYC-driven cell death, and

296 mission of ZIKV in pregnant C57BL/6 mice and protects type I or type I/II interferon receptor-deficie

297 This stands in contrast to FGF2's ability to protect vulnerable animals in milder tests of anxiety.

298 re important than private latrine access for protecting water quality and child health.

299 egative refractive indexes and topologically protected wave motion.

300 of HIV, uncovering a potential strategy for protecting women from acquisition of the virus.