ライフサイエンスコーパス: saccade

1 xecution and lasting for up to 1 s after the saccade.

2 e versus house processing directly after the saccade.

3 tive fields according to the metrics of each saccade.

4 en when the stimulus had been removed during saccade.

5 visual receptive fields around the time of a saccade.

6 al visual field, after the completion of the saccade.

7 nt location within 30 milliseconds after the saccade.

8 current receptive field will be swept by the saccade.

9 saccade to the one representing it after the saccade.

10 on) of an ellipse briefly presented during a saccade.

11 ischarge lasts longer than the duration of a saccade.

12 re body passively before, during, or after a saccade.

13 ll visual target during the execution of the saccade.

14 xecution and lasting for up to 1 s after the saccade.

15 tion of a visual stimulus before and after a saccade.

16 the same, changed, or disappeared during the saccade.

17 ccompanied by interjection of a disconjugate saccade.

18 cluding the correlation between crowding and saccades.

19 terfering with the larger forces involved in saccades.

20 ement interspersed with occasional optomotor saccades.

21 s performing memory-guided and pro- and anti-saccades.

22 pupil dilation even in the absence of evoked saccades.

23 isual continuity, features blinks share with saccades.

24 abilizing mechanism operates following small saccades.

25 about visual motion and decision-irrelevant saccades.

26 owed more end point variance than did normal saccades.

27 ntain gaze fixation and neurons that program saccades.

28 lds can induce robust pupil dilation without saccades.

29 e structure of ipsiversive and contraversive saccades.

30 at leaves the retinal stimulus unaffected by saccades.

31 increased or decreased their activity during saccades.

32 et desirability only for reaches and not for saccades.

33 vidence bearing on the potential targets for saccades.

34 tor center responsible for the generation of saccades.

35 uired the accumulation of information across saccades.

36 idence for early information transfer across saccades.

37 ion processes that operate within and across saccades.

38 We compared saccades (1.3 degrees -3.7 degrees ) initiated during in

39 nce copy input to visual interneurons during saccades [10], the circuits that control spontaneous and

40 stently fail to land on the intended target, saccade accuracy is maintained by gradually adapting the

41 over very short time scales e.g., following saccades across a visual scene.

42 nsitivity signal that could help control the saccade adaptation process.

43 This saccade adaptation typically follows an exponential time

44 colliculus (SC) sends error signals to drive saccade adaptation.

45 ror that drives adaptation, decreases during saccade adaptation.

46 nce even when it had been removed during the saccade, albeit with a slower time course (162 ms) and p

47 as reported that fast eye movements known as saccades allow simple modulated LEDs to be observed at v

48 al world through saccadic eye movements, but saccades also present a challenge to visual processing b

49 ment patterns in which fixation duration and saccade amplitude are altered in response to the visual

50 t object size and (2) this gradual change in saccade amplitude in the direction of the object size ch

51 little consistent modulation with respect to saccade amplitude or direction, and critically, their di

52 he adaptive increase (forward adaptation) of saccade amplitude rely on partially separate neural subs

53 are more influential in the specification of saccade amplitude than later signals.

54 d we observed a continuous representation of saccade amplitude that spanned both the macrosaccade and

55 s not correlated with the changes of primary saccade amplitude.

56 thus require the co-ordination of monocular saccade amplitudes and binocular vergence eye movements.

57 vement patterns where fixation durations and saccade amplitudes are altered simultaneously.

58 se in velocity and amplitude of both the eye saccade and head movement toward the target.

59 saccadic stimulus was transferred across the saccade and influenced processing at a new retinal posit

60 on of fixation in the presence of fixational saccades and (2) the biases and limitations of transsacc

61 on (HBO) that acts as a pacemaker for ocular saccades and controls the orientation of successive swim

62 ts with CTX executed more frequent multistep saccades and directional errors during the antisaccade t

63 ysed horizontal and vertical visually guided saccades and horizontal antisaccades of 19 CTX patients.

64 SWRs were associated with smaller saccades and longer fixations.

65 motor-mediated optimization of input across saccades and pupil dilation, the primate auditory system

66 We find that both rapid saccades and slow vergence eye movements are continuousl

67 How rapid body saccades and smooth movement interact for simultaneous o

68 ice using one of two actions: eye movements (saccades) and arm movements (reaches).

69 d parallel or orthogonal during a horizontal saccade, and subsequently viewed for three different dur

70 als: (1) frequency and latency of corrective saccades, and (2) mislocalization of the corrective (sec

71 ectivity throughout the delay and subsequent saccades, and discriminated the search target in their r

72 al suppression occurring prior to and during saccades, and the reduction in neural responses to visua

73 stimulus but still made the same instructed saccades, and when manual reaction times were measured i

74 eptitiously while a saccade is underway, the saccade appears to be in error.

75 he visual suppression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Saccades are known to produce a suppression of contrast

76 cephalography (MEG) recordings, we show that saccades are locked to the phase of visual alpha oscilla

77 r pattern of coherence is observed even when saccades are made in darkness.

78 at control spontaneous and visually elicited saccades are not well known.

79 Whether such learned compensatory saccades are optimal and generalize to more complex task

80 dynamic environments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Saccades are the rapid, ballistic eye movements that we

81 ht of sensory information around the time of saccades, as a result of signal dependent noise and of s

82 (Object-Match, Category-Match, and Category-Saccade associations) revealed signatures of explicit an

83 sing the trigeminal blink reflex, triggering saccades at earlier-than-normal latencies.

84 Human subjects made horizontal saccades at will to two stationary saccadic targets sepa

85 on-making task, but made decision-irrelevant saccades before registering their motion decision with a

86 de (the future receptive field), even before saccade begins.

87 The apparent ease with which we produce saccades belies their computational sophistication, whic

88 d ventral higher-level sites the response to saccades (but not to external displacements) was suppres

89 e process was used, not only to generate the saccade, but also to provide input to the across-saccade

90 the orienting of gaze differently: voluntary saccades by the caudate head circuit and automatic sacca

91 es by the caudate head circuit and automatic saccades by the caudate tail circuit.

92 vidence that extra-retinal signals evoked by saccades can enhance visual perception, it remains unkno

93 he PRR while two monkeys performed reach and saccade choices between two targets presented simultaneo

94 fected only the reach choices, while leaving saccade choices intact.

95 Vernier discrimination task under identical saccade conditions.

96 Saccades contribute to variability of the deviation angl

97 ear palsy were strongly biased towards a pro-saccade decision boundary compared to Parkinson's patien

98 e same temporal interval without preparing a saccade did not alter performance.

99 itically depends on how signals representing saccade direction and eye position are combined across n

100 Significant saccade direction encoding was found in 20% of the cells

101 Moreover, cholinergic stimulation attenuated saccade direction selectivity in putative pyramidal neur

102 In contrast, saccades do change for tasks such as object following an

103 ffects of central vision loss on the optimal saccades during a face identification task, using a gaze

104 otor circuits with these decision-irrelevant saccades during decision making revealed that saccade re

105 stimulation of the oculomotor vermis caused saccade dysmetria.

106 ertical gaze, slowed horizontal and vertical saccades, dysphagia, apathy, and progressive cognitive d

107 ess triggered by the upcoming execution of a saccade (e.g., an efference copy signal).

108 owever, they execute fast turns, called body saccades, either spontaneously or in response to pattern

109 lly more strongly coupled to eye position at saccade end.

110 onspatially selective suppression during the saccade epoch.

111 piking activity preceded LFP activity in the saccade epoch.

112 This analysis was further extended to saccades executed during inactivation of the caudal fast

113 y 3 Hz), commencing approximately 1 s before saccade execution and lasting for up to 1 s after the sa

114 y 3 Hz), commencing approximately 1 s before saccade execution and lasting for up to 1 s after the sa

115 ich were each shortened or lengthened during saccade execution, respectively.

116 period stretching over >1 s before and after saccade execution.

117 ng each epoch is necessary for memory-guided saccade execution.

118 act the retinal displacement associated with saccade eye movements.

119 We show that the saccade/fixation cycle reformats the flow impinging on t

120 First, the dragonfly makes a head saccade followed by smooth pursuit movements to orient i

121 Thereafter, they performed a saccade followed by the brief presentation of a probe.

122 A moving bar elicited sustained bouts of saccades following the bar, with surprisingly little smo

123 nment and uses it to compute the appropriate saccade for either eye.

124 f this balance between the relevant elements-saccade-generating and fixation-related neurons-remains

125 ption of fixation, we found that activity of saccade-generating neurons can increase independently of

126 s the effective balance between fixation and saccade-generating neurons in the superior colliculus (S

127 e time-specific contributions of pulvinar to saccade generation and decision making.

128 results bring into question extant models of saccade generation and support the possibility of a conc

129 l information-processing loops in optimizing saccade generation in dynamic environments.SIGNIFICANCE

130 rior colliculus, a major midbrain center for saccade generation, was examined to determine whether th

131 the old world monkey, such a CD circuit for saccades has been identified extending from superior col

132 reparation time course of an action (e.g., a saccade) has been widely studied with the gap/overlap pa

133 encoding of action for rapid eye movements (saccades) has remained unclear: Purkinje cells show litt

134 rall target displacements and durations, the saccades have smaller amplitude when they are made in re

135 e only impairs the accuracy of memory-guided saccades if the damage impacts the PCS; lesions to dorso

136 liculus of nonhuman primates generating anti-saccades, implicating the tectoreticulospinal pathway.

137 it improved more after correct trials in the Saccade (implicit) task, a signature of explicit versus

138 ) mislocalization of the corrective (second) saccade in the direction predicted by a failure to use C

139 e stimuli were used (discrimination during a saccade in the opposite direction or at a different stim

140 visual target and to concurrently initiate a saccade in the opposite direction.

141 ropose a novel algorithm for tuning fixation saccades in flies.

142 on durations (i.e. the time interval between saccades) in HR than LR infants.

143 ormally never stationary: rapid gaze shifts (saccades) incessantly alternate with slow fixational mov

144 ens of milliseconds in advance of the actual saccade, indicating the presence of a latent movement co

145 ect can be dissociated from motor effects on saccade initiation and execution.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

146 ior colliculus (iSC) support such models for saccade initiation by relating variations in saccade rea

147 arameter in biologically plausible models of saccade initiation.

148 ameter for stochastic accumulation models of saccade initiation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The superior c

149 sults establish a foundation for integrating saccades into existing models of visual cortical stimulu

150 Saccades ipsiversive to an inactivated cFN showed more e

151 ccade, the reduction in uncertainty that the saccade is expected to bring for a subsequent action.

152 target is displaced surreptitiously while a saccade is underway, the saccade appears to be in error.

153 Here we show that when humans make saccades, it results in an update of not just the precis

154 We tested whether the saccades land on the average of antecedent target positi

155 em and the nature of this location where the saccades land, after providing some critical comments to

156 inal position (the fovea) directly after the saccade landed.

157 narrowed orientation tuning at the upcoming saccade landing position.

158 iate postsaccadic processing at the fovea on saccade landing.

159 on rate correlated with greater reduction of saccade length in the presence of lesions (beta = -.10;

160 In the presence of lesions, saccade lengths of specialists shortened more than those

161 find that shifts of random textures matching saccade-like eye movements in mice elicit robust inhibit

162 eliberation began, vigor was similar for the saccades made to the two options but diverged 0.5 s befo

163 Microsaccades, the small saccades made when we try to keep the eyes still, were o

164 imited visual information available during a saccade may be better used with practice, possibly by fo

165 results suggest that motor plans leading to saccades may be generated internally within the FEF from

166 Inactivation effects on saccade noise are explained by a decrease of the feedbac

167 The effects of cFN inactivation on saccade noise indicate that the effects of cFN inactivat

168 ould reliably decode the target 123 ms after saccade offset.

169 decoded at a later time-point, 151 ms after saccade offset.

170 We investigated the effect of saccades on contrast discrimination sensitivity over a l

171 These modulations were time locked to saccade onset, peaking right before the eyes moved (-50-

172 task, and a fixation-only task requiring no saccades or arm movements.

173 ly with item location, and fixed relative to saccade parameters.

174 ve of activity across the cerebral cortex as saccade planning and remapping proceed.

175 Saccade planning may invoke spatially-specific feedback

176 Human subjects maintained saccade plans to (prosaccade) or away (antisaccade) from

177 We report that both saccade precision and crowded-target reports vary idiosy

178 relation approach [5-8], we investigated how saccade preparation influences the processing of orienta

179 Saccade preparation may support transaccadic integration

180 We found that saccade preparation selectively enhanced the gain of hig

181 Therefore, the output of the within-saccade process was used, not only to generate the sacca

182 This across-saccade process, in turn, helped to set the starting poi

183 to set the starting point of the next within-saccade process.

184 ade, but also to provide input to the across-saccade process.

185 In particular, saccades produce biphasic firing rate changes that are c

186 Conversely, although most models of saccade programming are tightly coupled to underlying ne

187 d competition between motor point images for saccade programming, all of which cause further modulati

188 ures known neurophysiological constraints on saccade programming.

189 ation of complex visual information into the saccade programs underlying movements of overt attention

190 Stimulation affected saccade properties and target selection in a time-depend

191 saccade initiation by relating variations in saccade reaction time (SRT) to variations in such parame

192 Further, express saccade reaction times and changes in SC activity depend

193 accades during decision making revealed that saccade reaction times and peak velocities were influenc

194 ng the delay epoch, whose activity predicted saccade reaction times and the cells' saccade tuning.

195 nual reaction times were measured instead of saccade reaction times, confirming that these interactio

196 Faster initiation of saccades received a greater proportion of rewards.

197 onclude that FEF signals govern the onset of saccade-related accumulation within the iSC, and that th

198 stead, FEF inactivation delayed the onset of saccade-related accumulation, emphasizing the importance

199 best correlated with delays in the onset of saccade-related accumulation.

200 We found saccade-related activity in parietal areas V6, V6A, LIP,

201 of eye fixations and lack of evidence for a saccade-related neuronal signature.

202 ely with the cFN's direct connections to the saccade-related premotor centers in the brainstem.

203 sory cortex also showed deactivations during saccades relative to fixation only.

204 ated to the task-relevant location after the saccade remains unclear.

205 he development of the habit-like, repetitive saccade sequences.

206 A saccade shifts the image of a stable visual object from

207 ypes of visually guided eye movements (e.g., saccades/smooth pursuit/vergence).

208 esaccadic stimulus is transferred across the saccade so that it becomes quickly available and influen

209 found that monkeys could generate predictive saccades synchronized to periodic visual stimuli when an

210 e making eye-movements necessitates a rapid, saccade-synchronized shift of attentional modulation fro

211 whether peripheral information at a planned saccade target affects immediate postsaccadic processing

212 Finally, the saccade target could be decoded above chance even when i

213 asks [1-4], performance at the location of a saccade target improves before the eyes move.

214 accadic position of the fixation target, the saccade target or a peripheral non-foveated target that

215 When the saccade target remained the same across the saccade, we

216 t the dorsal pulvinar (dPul) plays a role in saccade target selection; however, it remains unknown wh

217 and (2) that a saccadic neural marker for a saccade target stimulus could be detected even when the

218 ation by reshaping the representation of the saccade target to be more fovea-like just before the eye

219 eripheral visual field defined the reach and saccade target unequivocally.

220 affect the relative attentional weighting of saccade targets as well as saccadic reaction times.

221 processing that accelerates the detection of saccade targets presented ipsilateral to stimulation thr

222 ents during every epoch of the memory-guided saccade task (the visual, delay, and motor periods).

223 racy of eye-movements during a memory guided saccade task are related to fluctuations in the amplitud

224 Here, we capitalized on a sequential saccade task in which macaque monkeys acquired repetitiv

225 ogically healthy controls on a memory-guided saccade task that was used in the monkey studies to meas

226 In this study, we used a memory-guided saccade task to temporally dissociate the visual epoch f

227 monkeys alternated between a visually guided saccade task, a visually guided arm movement task, and a

228 During two versions of a delayed-saccade task, we found radically different network dynam

229 onkeys performing a concurrent goal-directed saccade task.

230 ile monkeys performed a mnemonic rule-guided saccade task.

231 during the three epochs of the memory-guided saccade task: visual stimulus presentation, the delay in

232 mulation of the dPul while monkeys performed saccade tasks toward instructed and freely chosen target

233 (ACC) are commonly coactivated for cognitive saccade tasks, but whether this joined activation indexe

234 e delay period activity during memory-guided saccade tasks.

235 ed economic good) and only ~100 ms later the saccade that will obtain it (the chosen action).

236 human subjects performing the task generated saccades that were governed by a rise-to-threshold decis

237 em colors are shifted imperceptibly during a saccade the perceived colors are found to fall between p

238 ght into the neuron's receptive field by the saccade (the future receptive field), even before saccad

239 With each saccade, the image jumps on the retina, causing a discon

240 For each time point during a saccade, the inter-trial variance of eye position and it

241 rast, when the target was changed during the saccade, the new target was decoded at a later time-poin

242 sions encode, before an information sampling saccade, the reduction in uncertainty that the saccade i

243 ipants were cued on each trial to make a pro-saccade to a horizontal target or withhold their respons

244 cent of a fast correction mechanism, e.g., a saccade to compensate for the hVOR delays.

245 enting the task-relevant location before the saccade to the one representing it after the saccade.

246 nating strabismus, either eye can be used to saccade to visual targets.

247 ns were asked to make a sequence of reactive saccades to a visual metronome, they often unintentional

248 t a decision, the vigor with which they make saccades to each option reflects a real-time evaluation

249 is interplay operates both within and across saccades to ensure that these eye movements are guided e

250 shown that the FEF is critical for executing saccades to remembered locations.

251 id, corrective responses following erroneous saccades to T1.

252 engthening adaptation where they had to make saccades to targets of different sizes, which were each

253 Human subjects made saccades to targets with different TAs with respect to f

254 adually adapting the amplitude of successive saccades to the same target.

255 sent by the CDt-direct pathway to facilitate saccades to valuable objects.

256 sent by the CDt-indirect pathway to suppress saccades to valueless objects, whereas high-value signal

257 ntion, but existing SC models cannot predict saccades to visually complex real-world stimuli.

258 man observers make large rapid eye movements-saccades-to bring behaviorally relevant information into

259 ts (both male and female) were instructed to saccade toward a face or a house that, on different tria

260 he head-restrained monkey, the generation of saccades toward a transient moving target (100-200 ms).

261 a visual stimulus as well as the endpoint of saccades toward that stimulus.

262 e able to make rapid eye movements, known as saccades, toward visual targets almost as gracefully as

263 investigates the inter-trial variability of saccade trajectories observed in five rhesus macaques (M

264 el based on integrated motion cues simulates saccade trigger and dynamics.

265 dicted saccade reaction times and the cells' saccade tuning.

266 interaction between decisions and instructed saccades unrelated to the perceptual decision.

267 size of crowding zones with the precision of saccades using an oriented clock target and two adjacent

268 , like remapping, is highly dependent on the saccade vector and the spatial arrangement of current an

269 Importantly, the corrective saccade vector angle was biased in a manner consistent w

270 cifically, the CD might provide the internal saccade vector used to unite separate retinal images int

271 Exercise decreased saccade velocity by 8% (placebo trial).

272 of macaques are preferentially activated by saccade- versus reach-related processes.

273 dicts the real-time motion of the eye during saccades via the combined inputs of Purkinje cells onto

274 he perceived eye direction at the end of the saccade was not derived from proprioceptive input from e

275 The cost of time underlying saccades was found to have a concave growth, thereby con

276 During cFN inactivation, eye position during saccades was statistically more strongly coupled to eye

277 saccade target remained the same across the saccade, we could reliably decode the target 123 ms afte

278 s process appears not to be flawless: during saccades, we often fail to detect whether visual objects

279 Perception and saccade were decoupled.

280 To do so, participants' saccades were adapted backward or forward while they rec

281 ocity, and torque transients of bar-fixation saccades were finely tuned to the speed of bar motion an

282 directly adjacent Frontal Eye Fields (FEF), saccades were only rarely evoked by the stimulation.

283 Optomotor saccades were tuned to the dynamics of panoramic image m

284 flexibly switch from predictive to reactive saccades when a reward was given for each reactive respo

285 h overwhelmingly to quick, intermittent body saccades when following narrow bars.

286 trongly preferred social images and 2) fewer saccades when viewing geometric images.

287 ier was trained on separate trials without a saccade, where a house or face was presented at the fove

288 n must calculate the correct vector for each saccade, which will depend on the eye chosen to make it.

289 We show here that express saccades, which depend on the SC, can be driven by S-con

290 n, the reduced visibility around the time of saccades, which is important in mediating visual stabili

291 t a simple S-shaped variance increase during saccades, which was not sufficient to explain the data.

292 tion times, depending on the task-instructed saccade, while rostral stimulations of 8Av/45 seem to af

293 d task, but stimulation during memory-guided saccades, while influencing RTs and errors, did not affe

294 in aligning temporally the initiation of the saccade with the visual suppression.

295 in temporally aligning the initiation of the saccade with the visual suppression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEME

296 patients with DN damage showed less precise saccades with longer latencies, and more frequent direct

297 CTX patients executed normally accurate saccades with normal main sequence relationships, indica

298 us to analyse V1 stimulus processing during saccades with unprecedented detail, revealing robust per

299 l scenes by alternating rapid eye movements (saccades) with periods of slow and incessant eye drifts

300 Fixation duration and number of saccades within each area of interest and validation sta